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foramina intervertebralia
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Sacrum , pelvic surface (The two rows of four holes are the intervertebral foramina of sacrum, visible but not labeled)
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Peculiar thoracic vertebræ (Intervertebral foramina are visible but not labeled)
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When the spinal
Vertebrae are articulated with each other the bodies form a strong pillar for the support of the head and trunk, and the
Vertebral Foraminae constitute a canal for the protection of the medulla spinalis (
Spinal Cord ). Between every pair of vertebræ are two apertures, the (singular: '''foramen'''; also called '''neural foramina'''). The foramen allows for the passage of the spinal nerve root, dorsal root ganglion, the spinal artery of the segmental artery, communicating veins between the internal and external plexuses, recurrent meningeal (sinu-vertebral) nerves, and transforaminal ligaments.
Their size is variable due to placement, pathology, spinal loading, and posture. They can be occluded by
Arthritic degenerative changes and space-occupying lesions like
Tumor s,
Metastases and
Spinal Disc Herniation s.
