| Intermediate-range Ballistic Missile |
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Examples of IRBMs include:
Decommissioned:
ALTERNATIVE USE OF LAUNCHERS IRBMs are frequently turned into small Satellite launchers via the addition of (usually multiple) Upper Stages . In the United States , this happened to both the ''Thor'' and ''Jupiter''. A derivative of the ''Jupiter'', the '' Jupiter-C '' launched the U.S.'s first satellite, '' Explorer 1 ''. HISTORY The Progenitor for the IRBM was the A4b Rocket winged for increased range and based on the famous V2 (Vergeltung, or "Reprisal", officially called A4 ) rocket designed by Wernher Von Braun that widely used by Nazi Germany at the end of World War II to bomb English and Belguim cities and goals. Also as the first IRBM may be considered separate second stage A9 of ICBM A9/A10 Rocket . A4b and A9 rockets were tested few times in December 1944 and January and February 1945. All of these rockets used liquid propellant. A4b used an inertial guidance system, A9 controlled by pilot. They started from a non-mobile launch pad. Following WWII von Braun and other lead Nazi scientists were secretly transferred to the United States to work directly for the U.S. Army through Operation Paperclip developing the V2 into the Redstone IRBM and Jupiter IRBM . Due to treaty agreements the U.S. was able to base these IRBMs in countries close to the USSR within strategic range. SEE ALSO |
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