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An Information System (IS) is the System of persons, Data records and activities that Process the data and Information in a given organization, including Manual processes or Automated processes. Usually the term is used erroneously as a synonymous for computer-based information systems, which is only the Information Technologies component of an Information System. The computer-based information systems are the field of study for Information Technologies (IT); however these should hardly be treated apart from the bigger Information System that is always involved in. OVERVIEW The term information system has different meanings:
HISTORY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS The study of information systems, originated as a sub-discipline of computer science, in an attempt to understand and rationalize the management of technology within organizations. It has matured into a major field of management, that is increasingly being emphasized as an important area of research in management studies, and is taught at all major universities and business schools in the world. Today, Information and Information technology have become the fifth major resource available to executives for shaping an organization, alongside people, money, material and machines.Rockart et. Al (1996) Eight imperatives for the new IT organization Sloan Management review. Many companies have created a position of Chief Information Officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Technical Officer (CTO).The CTO may also serve as CIO, and vice versa STUDY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Ciborra (2002) defines the study of information systems as the study, that deals with the deployment of information technology in organizations, institutions, and society at large.Ciborra, C. (2002) Labyrinths of Information, Oxford, Oxford University Press APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information systems deal with the development, use and management of an organization's IT infrastructure. In the post-industrial, information age, the focus of companies has shifted from being product oriented, to knowledge oriented, in a sense that market operators today, compete on process and innovation, rather than product : the emphasis has shifted from the quality and quantity of production, to the production process itself, and the services that accompany the production process. The biggest asset of companies today, is their information, represented in people, experience, know-how, innovations (patents, copyrights, trade secrets), and for a market operator to be able to compete, he/she must have a strong information infrastructure, at the heart of which, lies the information technology infrastructure. Thus, the study of information systems, focuses on why and how technology can be put into best use to serve the information flow within an organization. Areas of work Information Systems has a number of different areas of work:
Each of which branches out into a number of sub disciplines, that overlap with other science and managerial disciplines such as computer science, pure and engineering sciences, social and behavioral sciences, and business management. Information technology development The IT Department partly governs the information technology development, use, application and influence on a business or corporation. A computer based information system, following a definition of LangeforsLangefors B. (1973) Theoretical Analysis of Information Systems, is:
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