| Index Of Sustainable Economic Welfare |
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Rather than simply adding together all expenditures like the Gross Domestic Product , consumer expenditure is balanced by such factors as income distribution and cost associated with pollution and other economically unsustaining costs. It is similar to the Genuine Progress Indicator . DEFINITION Index Of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) is roughly defined by the following formula. ''ISEW'' = ''personal consumption'' + ''non-defensive public expenditures'' - ''defensive private expenditures'' + ''capital formation'' + ''services from domestic labour'' - ''costs of environmental degradation'' - ''depreciation of natural capital'' HISTORY The index is based on the ideas presented by Nordhaus and Tobin in their Measure Of Economic Welfare . It was first coined in 1989 by Daly and Cobb. They later went on to add several other "costs" to the definition of ISEW. This later work formed the Genuine Progress Indicator . REFERENCES
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