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valva ileocaecalis
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Interior of the Cecum and lower end of Ascending Colon , showing colic valve ("Colic valve" is an older term for the ileocecal valve)
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Endoscopic image of Cecum with arrow pointing to '''ileocecal valve''' in foreground
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Ileocolic Artery
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Ileocolic Vein
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The is a
Sphincter Muscle situated at the junction of the
Small Intestine (ileum) and the
Large Intestine . It regulates the flow of
Chyme into the bowels.
Medfriendly definition of ileocecal valve
Functionally, roughly two litres of fluid enters the colon daily through the ileocecal valve.
The
Histology of the ileocecal valve shows an abrupt change in the
Villous pattern which is found in small intestinal mucosa, to the
Glandular pattern found in colonic mucosa.
At the ileocecal valve, there is also thickening of the
Muscularis Mucosa , which is the
Smooth Muscle tissue found beneath the mucosal layer of the
Digestive Tract .
There is also a variable amount of
Lymphatic Tissue found at the valve.Burkitt HG, Young B, Heath JW. ''Wheater's Functional Histology'': a text and colour atlas. Churchill Livingstone, London, 1993.
During
Colonoscopy , the ileocecal valve is used, along with the
Appendiceal Orifice , in the identification of the
Cecum . This is important, as it indicates that a complete colonoscopy has been performed. The ileocecal valve is typically located on the last fold before entry into the cecum, and can be located from the direction of curvature of the appendiceal orifice, in what is known as the
Bow And Arrow Sign .Cotton PB, Williams CB. ''Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy'' Blackwell Publishers, London, 1996
Intubation of the ileocecal valve is typically performed in colonoscopy to evaluate the distal, or lowest part of the
Ileum . Small bowel endoscopy can also be performed by
Double-balloon Enteroscopy through intubation of the ileocecal valve.Ross AS, Waxman I, Semrad C, Dye C. Balloon-assisted intubation of the ileocecal valve to facilitate retrograde double-balloon enteroscopy. ''Gastrointest Endosc.'' 2005 Dec;62(6):987-8. PMID 16301054
Tumour s of the ileocecal valve are rare, but have been reported in the literature.Yoruk G, Aksoz K, Buyrac Z, Unsal B, Nazli O, Ekinci N. Adenocarcinoma of the ileocecal valve: report of a case. ''Turk J Gastroenterol.'' 2004 Dec;15(4):268-9. PMID 16249985Song HJ, Ko BM, Cheon YK, Ryu CB, Lee JS, Lee MS, Shim CS. Isolated ileocecal lymphoma. ''Gastrointest Endosc.'' 2005 Feb;61(2):293-4. PMID 15729248
It was discovered by the
Dutch physician
Nicolaes Tulp (1593-1674), and thus it is sometimes known as .
