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The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the Temperate Region s of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between Polar and Tropical Air Mass es. The humid continental climate is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. The seasonal temperature variance can be as great as 30-39° Celsius (55-70° Fahrenheit ). The temperature difference between the warmest and coldest months increases as one moves further inland and away from the moderating influence of the Ocean . DFA: WARM SUMMER SUBTYPE The warm and Midwestern portions of the United States and extreme southern Canada from the Atlantic to the 100th Meridian West and generally in the range of 40°N to 44°N latitude; this area includes the following regions:
Some of the major cities in this zone:
The 0°C (32°F) Isotherm (freeze line) or the -3°C (26.6°F) isotherms (persistent snow line) are the possible lines dividing the humid continental and the Humid Subtropical climates, in between which are the following places (which are often included in the humid continental zone):
Some states in this zone:
The western states of the central United States (namely Montana , Wyoming , parts of southern Idaho , parts of Colorado , western Nebraska , and western areas of North and South Dakota ) have thermal regimes which fit the Dfa climate type, but are quite dry, and are generally grouped with the steppe (''Bsk'') climates. Although the largest portion of territory on Earth covered by the Dfa climate type is present in North America, it also exists near the Black Sea in southern Ukraine , the Southern Federal District of Russia , Moldova , and parts of eastern Romania , but tends to be drier, or even semi-arid, in these places. Tohoku in Japan between Tokyo and Hokkaidō also has a climate with Köppen classification Dfa, but is wetter even than that part of North America with this climate type. A variant which has dry winters and hence much lower snowfall with monsoonal type summer rainfall is to be found in north-eastern China including coastal regions of the Yellow Sea and over much of the Korean Peninsula ; it has the Köppen classification '''Dwa'''. Much of Central Asia , northwestern China , and southern Mongolia have a thermal regime similar to that of the ''Dfa'' climate type, but these regions receive so little precipitation that they are more often classified as steppes (''Bsk'') or deserts (''Bwk''). Cities outside North America with this climate include:
DFB: COOL SUMMER SUBTYPE The cool summer subtype (Köppen: Dfb) lies north of the warm summer subtype; in North America, from about 44°N to 50°N in the east but places of adequate precipitation as far north as 54°N in the Canadian Prairie Provinces and below 40°N in the high Appalachians, separated by the 22°C isotherm for the warmest month from the Dfa climates (which passes near Minneapolis, Minnesota and Grand Rapids, Michigan ).Summer temperatures in this zone are usually between 70 F and 85 F during the daytime. It includes the following places:
In Canada, it includes these areas:
Some of the major cities in this zone:
It is also found in central Scandinavia . East Central Europe (east of Germany and Hungary) is a cool summer subtype with less severe winters, similar to the winters of the warm summer subtype - the winters here are modified by the Oceanic Climate influence of Western Europe . The cool summer subtype is marked by mild summers, long cold winters and less Precipitation than the warm summer subtype, however, short periods of extreme heat are not uncommon. In this region, summers shorten and are cooler, and winters become longer and colder toward the north parts of this zone. Northern Japan has a similar climate. Much of Mongolia and parts of southern Siberia has a thermal regime fitting this climate, but it has steppe or desert like precipitation and so is not really considered to be a humid continental climate. Countries with this climate:
Cities with such climates outside North America include:
A dry-winter variant (Köppen: Dwb) is to be found in northeastern China, northern Korea and the Southeastern region of Russian Far East , as at Vladivostok and Chongjin , North Korea , and Harbin, China . SUBARCTIC CLIMATE Near 50°N in North America (except north of 55°N in Alberta and British Columbia) and eastern Asia (60°N or further north in Europe), the climate grades into a Subarctic Climate (Köppen: Dfc, Dwc), poleward of which the summers (seasons with temperatures above 10°C) are shorter than four months. |
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