Historical Geographic Information System

GIS was originally developed for use in Environmental Science s, military and for computer assisted Cartography . The tools developed for these uses are ill suited for the features of historical data.

TECHNIQUES USED IN HGIS

Digitization and georeferencing of historical maps. Old maps may contain valuable information about the past. By adding coordinates to such maps, they may be added as a feature layer to modern GIS data. This facilitates comparison of different map layers showing the geography at different times. The maps may be further enhanced by techniques such as Rubber-sheeting , which spatially warps the data to fit with more accurate modern maps.

Reconstruction of past boundaries. By creating Polygon s of former administrative sub-divisions and borders, aggregate statistics can be made compared though time.

Georeferencing of historical microdata (such as Census or parish records). This enables the use of spatial analysis to historical data.

NOTABLE HISTORICAL GIS PROJECTS

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China Historical GIS similar project for Imperial China developed by the universities of Harvard and Fudan, China .

David Rumsey Historical Map Collection , one of the world's largest map collections, which has digitized and Georeference d a large part of its collection and published it on the internet.

Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) a clearinghouse for the exchange of metadata of Historical GIS. Maintained by the University Of California, Berkeley .

HGIS Germany Institute of European History ( University Of Mainz ) and Institute i3mainz at the University of Applied Sciences HGIS Germany (in German)

Belgian Historical GIS tracks the development of administrative boundaries in Belgium since 1800. Developed by the University Of Ghent Web site for the Belgian Historical GIS

The National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) system for displaying and analyzing Census Tracts and tract changes in the US.

SOFTWARE OR WEB SERVICES DEVELOPED FOR HISTORICAL GIS

TimeMap — A Java open-source applet (or program) for browsing spatial-temporal data and ECAI data sets Project homepage Developed by the department of archaeology University of Sydney.

Version 4+ of Google Earth added a time line feature that enables simple temporal browsing of spatial dataAnnouncement of the feature at the Google Earth blog

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Historical Geographic Information System