| Hindustani (hindi-urdu) Word Etymology |
Article Index for Hindustani |
Shopping Etymology |
Website Links For Hindustani |
Information AboutHindustani (hindi-urdu) Word Etymology |
|
Standard Hindi derives much of its formal and technical vocabulary from Sanskrit while standard Urdu derives much of its formal and technical vocabulary from Persian . Standard or ''shuddha'' ("pure") Hindi and Urdu are used only in public addresses and radio or TV news, while the everyday spoken language in most areas is one of several varieties of Hindustani, whose vocabulary contains words drawn from Persian , Arabic , and Hindi . In addition, spoken Hindustani includes words from English and other languages as well. Hindustani or Hindi-Urdu developed over hundreds of years throughout India (which formerly included what is now Pakistan ). In the same way that the core vocabulary of English evolved from Old English (Anglo-Saxon) but includes a large number of words borrowed from French and other languages (whose pronunciations often changed naturally so as to become easier for speakers of English to pronounce), what may be called Hindustani can be said to have evolved from Sanskrit while borrowing many Persian and Arabic words over the years, and changing the pronunciations (and often even the meanings) of those words to make them easier for Hindustani speakers to pronounce. Therefore, Hindustani is the language as it evolved organically. This article will deal with the categories of Hindustani words and some of the common words found in the Hindustani language. CATEGORIZATION OF HINDUSTANI (HINDI-URDU) WORDS Words in Hindustani can be of these types:
The use of ''tatsama'' words was much less common in Apabhramsha . The most common words in Hindustani are ''tadbhava'' and are derived through Prakrit and Apabhramsha. EXAMPLES OF HINDUSTANI WORD DERIVATIONS Origin of ''hai'' (है ہے) One of the most common words in Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) is ''hai'' "is". It originates from the following two sources: The Sanskrit ''s'' sometimes becomes ''h'' in Prakrits. Shortening of ''ahai'' produced ''hai''. In some older works in Hindustani literature, one can find usage of ''ahai''. For example, Bharatendu Harishchandra wrote: "निज भाषा उन्नति अहै, सब उन्नति को मूल" ("نِج بھاشا اُنّتِ اَہے، سب اُنّتِ کو مُول "). In Marathi it becomes "aahe". Derivation of ''jaataa'' (जाता جاتا) and ''gayaa'' (गया گیا) The word ''jata'' ("goes") is from Sanskrit root ''yaa'' (''yaati'', ''yaata''). ''ya'' often becomes "ja" in Prakrit. The word ''gaya'' ("went") is from Sanskrit root ''gam'' (''gachchhati''), from ''gatah''. Here ''t'' transforms to ''y'' in Prakrit. ''Aajaa'' (आजा آجا) and ''daadaa'' (दादा دادا) The word aajaa has also been used in Northern India and Pakistan for "grandfather". It is indeed derived from ''arya'' meaning "sir" in this case. Jains nuns are addressed either as ''Aryika'' or ''Ajji''. The word daadaa also has a similar meaning which varies in region. It is used in some regions for "father", in other regions for "older brother", or even for "grandfather" in other regions. This word is an amalgam of two sources:
too. (बड़ा بڑا) The word ("older/bigger") is derived from the Sanskrit ''vridhha'' through Prakrit . SEE ALSO
REFERENCES ''This article, compiled by Wikipedia editor Prof. Yashwant Malaiya {Link without Title} , has been reproduced with his permission.''
development in Hindi, with many period extracts. (Accessed Mar 16, 2006).
|
|
|