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Hello World program, written in Perl , using GTK+2 , edited with Vim .]]

A "hello world" program can be a useful Sanity Test to make sure that a language's Compiler , Development Environment , and Run-time Environment are correctly installed. Configuring a complete programming Toolchain from scratch to the point where even trivial programs can be compiled and run can involve substantial amounts of work. For this reason, a simple program is used first when testing a new tool chain.

While small test programs existed since the development of programmable Computer s, the tradition of using the phrase "Hello world!" as a test message was influenced by an example program in the book '' The C Programming Language ''. The example program from that book prints "hello, world" (without capital letters or exclamation mark), and was inherited from a 1974 Bell Laboratories internal memorandum by Brian Kernighan , ''Programming in C: A Tutorial'', which contains the first known version:


main() {
printf("hello, world");
}


The first known instance of the usage of the words "hello" and "world" together in computer literature occurred earlier, in Kernighan's 1972 '' Tutorial Introduction to the Language B '', with the following code:


main( ) {
extrn a, b, c;
  • n');

    • }

a 'hell';
b 'o, w';
c 'orld';


However, there are several ways to which someone could code the "Hello world" program in some languages, for example in the Java Language ;


public class HelloWorld
{
public static void main( String {Link without Title} args )
{
System.out.println( "Hello world" );
}
}


"Hello world" in PHP code:


echo "Hello world";
?>



"Hello world" in Pascal code:


program New;
begin
Writeln('Hello world!');
end.


"Hello world" in Perl code:


#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Hello world!";


displaying the Hello World message]]

There are many variations on the punctuation and casing of the phrase, and the examples on this page print out several of these variations. Variations include the presence or absence of the comma and exclamation mark, and the capitalization of the 'H', both the 'H' and the 'W', or neither. Some languages are forced to implement different forms, such as "HELLO WORLD!," on systems that only support capital letters, while many "hello world" programs in Esoteric Languages print out a slightly modified string. For example, one Malbolge program prints "HEllO WORld", this having been determined to be "good enough". "Hello world" programs also often print a Newline after their message, as shown in the examples for B and Java.


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