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Not all Hebrew names are strictly Hebrew in origin; some names may have been borrowed from other languages since Ancient Times , including from Egyptian , Aramaic , Persian , Greek , Latin , Arabic , Spanish , German , and English . NAMES OF HEBREW ORIGIN Hebrew names used by : The Writings. Many of these names are thought to have been adapted from Hebrew phrases and expressions, bestowing special meaning or the unique circumstances of birth to the one who receives that name. An example of a name with a special personal meaning is יהודה '' Yəhûḏāh ''. An example of a name indicating circumstances of birth is ראובן '' Rəʼûḇēn '', which means "Look, a son." Hebrew devotion to Elohim ( God ) is often indicated by adding the suffix אל ''-el''/''-al'', forming names such as מיכאל '' Michael '' and גבריאל '' Gabriel ''. Hebrew devotion to YHWH is often indicated by adding an abbreviated form of the Tetragrammaton as a suffix; the most common abbreviations used by Jews are יה ''-yāh''/''-iyyāh'' and יהו ''-yāhû''/''-iyyāhû''/''-ayhû'', forming names such as ישׁעיהו '' Yəšaʻªyāhû '', צדקיהו '' Ṣiḏqiyyāhû '' and שׂריה '' Śərāyāh ''. Most of Christendom uses the shorter suffix preferred in Translation s of the Bible to European languages, primarily Greek -ιας ''-ias'' and English -iah , producing names such as Τωβιας '' Tōbias '' and Ιερεμίας '' Ieremias ''. In addition to devotion to Elohim and YHWH, names could also be sentences of praise in their own right. The name טוביהו '' Ṭôḇiyyāhû '' means "Good of/is the LORD." NAMES OF ARAMAIC ORIGIN At the end of the First Temple Period , the Kingdom Of Judah was destroyed, and its inhabitants were taken into captivity in Babylon . While they were there, the Jews ceased to speak Hebrew as their daily language, and adopted Aramaic instead. Judæo-Aramaic was the vernacular language at the time of Jesus , and was also the language used to write parts of the Book Of Daniel , the Book Of Ezra , and the entire Jewish Talmud . Aramaic remained the Lingua Franca of the Middle East until the time of Islam. Judæo-Aramaic names include עבד־נגו '' ʻĂḇēḏ-nəḡô '', בר־תלמי '' Bar-Talmay '' and תום '' Tôm '', as well as Bar Kochba . HEBREW-GREEK NAMES Due to the Hellenisation of the Eastern Mediterranean and the movement of Jews around the area, many names were adapted to Greek, reinforced by the translation of the Tanakh in the Septuagint with many Hellenized names. Many of the names in the New Testament are of Hebrew and Aramaic origin, but were adapted to the Greek by Hellenistic Christian writers such as Paul Of Tarsus . Such Hebræo-Greek names include Ιησους '''' (originally from Hebrew "God {Link without Title} with us" or Greek Εμοί εν Ηλ(ί) or εν εμοί ο Ήλιος or within me is God ( Pythagoras' Theory ). Also, some Jews of the time had Greek Gentile names themselves, such as the Christian Luke (Greek Λουκας ''Loukas''). Though used by some Jews at the time, these names are generally not associated with Jews today, and are considered characteristically Greek and largely confined to use by Christians. Hebrew forms of the names exist, but they are extremely rare. HEBRæO-LATIN NAMES Many Hebrew names were adapted into Latin, but mostly through Greek, as Greek was the language of the first Christian Septuagint. Such names include Jesus (from Greek Ιησους ''Iēsous'') and Maria (from Greek Μαριαμ ''Mariam'', originally from Hebrew מרים '' Miryām ''). Also, some Jews during Roman times also had Latin names for themselves, such as the Christian apostle Mark (Latin Marcus ). As was the case with contemporary Jewish names of Greek origin, most of these Latin names are generally not associated with Jews today, and today retain a Roman and Christian character. HEBRæO-ARABIC NAMES Hebrew Šəmûʼēl), famous for his fidelity to his friends (the proverb says "more faithful than Samawʼal".) With the rise of Islam and the establishment of an Arab Caliphate , the Arabic Language became the lingua franca of the Middle East and North Africa . Islamic scripture such as the Qurʼan, however, contains many names of Hebrew origin (often via Aramaic), and there were Jewish and Christian Minorities living under Arab Islamic rule. As such, many Hebrew names had been adapted to Arabic, and could be found in the Arab world. Jews and Christians generally used the Arabic adaptions of these names, just as in the present English-speaking Jews (and sometimes Muslims) often use Anglicized versions (Joshua rather than Yəhôšúªʼ, for instance.) While most such names are common to traditional Arabic translations of the Bible, a few differ; for instance, Arabic-speaking Christians use ''Yasūʻ'' instead of ''ʻĪsā'' for "Jesus". Such Hebræo-Arabic names include:
The influence of Aramaic is observable in several names, notably ʼIsḥāq, where the Syriac form is simply ''Îsḥāq'', contrasting with more Hebraic forms such as Yaʻqūb. Some of these Arabic names preserve original Hebrew pronunciations that were later changed by regular sound shifts; thus ''Maryam'' corresponds to the form recorded by classical authors, whereas the second ''i'' in ''Miriam'' is the result of a later sound change (also observable in words such as ''migdal'', recorded in the New Testament as ''Magdal''ene and in Palestinian Arabic as ''Majdala'') which turned ''a'' in unstressed closed syllables into ''i''. Typically, Hebrew אל ''-ʼēl'' was adapted as ـايل ''-īl'', and Hebrew יה ''-yāh'' as ـيا ''-yāʼ''. Occasionally, an Arabic name would be Hebraized; thus, for example, Saʻīd al-Fayyūmi called himself Saadia Gaon in his books, ''Səʻaḏyāh'' being an Arabic-Hebrew hybrid meaning "happy is The LORD ". This may also be the origin of the name Peraḥyāh, which in Hebrew would mean "blossom of the LORD" but makes more sense as a Hebraization of Arabic Faraḥ, "joy". HEBRæO-ENGLISH NAMES James I Of England commissioned a Translation of the Tanakh from Hebrew to English, which became the Old Testament component of the new King James Version Of The Bible , or "KJV" Bible. The promotion of the KJV translation spawned a whole new variety of Hebrew names that were considerably closer to the Hebrew language than their Latin counterparts. Examples include ''Asshur'' from אשור ''ʼAššûr'' instead of Ασσυρια ''Assyria'', and ''Shem'' from שם ''Šēm'' instead of Σημ ''Sēm''. Even so, many KJV Old Testament names were not entirely without New Testament Greek influence. This influence mostly reflected the vowels of names, leaving most of the consonants largely intact, only modestly filtered to consonants of contemporary English phonology. However, all KJV names followed the Greek convention of not distinguishing between soft and ''dāḡeš'' forms of ב ''bêṯ'', ג ''gîmel'' and ד ''dāleṯ'', as well as merging ג ''gîmel'' and ע ''ġáyin''. These habits resulted in multilingually-fused Hebræo-Helleno-English names, such as Judah , Isaiah and Jeremiah . Additionally, a handful of names were adapted directly from Greek without even partial translations from Hebrew, including names such as Isaac , Moses and Jesse . Finally, some names were not translated or adapted at all, but were harvested from names that had already existed in the English language since the Middle Ages , including quintessentially English names such as John , Mary and James , which today bear little resemblance to their original Hebrew forms. Along with names from the KJV edition of the New Testament, these names constitute the large part of Hebrew names as they exist in the English-speaking world. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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