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A hat-trick in Sport s is associated with succeeding at anything three times in three consecutive attempts. In North America it is often rendered as '''hat trick''', with no Hyphen . (The '' Oxford English Dictionary '' has it unhyphenated and gives a variety of examples published in the 19th and 20th centuries both with and without the hyphen.) ETYMOLOGY In the Victorian Era , the term "hat trick" referred to a common trick by magicians, where the magician used a Top Hat . At first, they would appear before the audience wearing the hat, which they would remove and put upside down on a nearby table (on stage). Later in the show, the magician would take out 3 rabbits, one after another, from the hat. The term is now most commonly used within a sporting context, where it has its origin in 18th Century English Cricket and was connected with the custom of giving a hat or cap as a prize to a Bowler who achieved the unusual feat of taking three Wicket s in a row. Another school of thought mentions that, as a bet, a bowler was challenged if he could take three in three, and hats were passed around to collect the wagers. If the bowler succeeded, he collected the cash. Thus, the term hat-trick could possibly have been also derived from this event. CRICKET A hat-trick occurs in cricket when a bowler dismisses three Batsmen with consecutive deliveries in the same match. The deliveries may be interrupted by an Over bowled by another bowler from the other end of the Pitch or the other team's Innings , but must be three consecutive deliveries by the individual bowler. Only wickets attributed to the bowler count; i.e., run outs do not contribute to a hat-trick. Hat-tricks are very rare and as such are highly treasured by bowlers. The term was first used to describe HH Stephenson 's feat in 1858 ''Extended Oxford English Dictionary'' 1999 Edition : "It came into use after HH Stephenson took three wickets in three balls for the all-England eleven against the twenty-two of Hallam at the Hyde Park ground, Sheffield in 1858. A collection was held for Stephenson (as was customary for outstanding feats by professionals) and he was presented with a cap or hat bought with the proceeds." and was used in print for the first time in 1878. ''The Oxford Companion to Australian Cricket'' (Oxford University Press, 1996) mentions that the word hat-trick was used in print for the first time in ''The Sportsman'' to describe Spofforth clean bowling three consecutive batsmen in the match against Hastings and Districts at the Oval on August 29 , 1878 . Spofforth did take a hat-trick and nine wickets in 20 balls against the XVIII of Hastings and Districts in 1878 (not a first class match), but the dates are incorrect. In Test Cricket history there have been just 36 Hat-tricks , the first achieved by Fred Spofforth for Australia against England in 1879, and the most recent by Irfan Pathan for India against Pakistan in 2006. In 1912, Australian Jimmy Matthews achieved the feat twice in one game against South Africa . The only other players to achieve two hat-tricks are Australia's Hugh Trumble , against England in 1902 and 1904, and Pakistan 's Wasim Akram , in separate games against Sri Lanka in 1999. In and Saqlain Mushtaq of Pakistan and Chaminda Vaas of Sri Lanka . ( Akram therefore has four international hat-tricks in total). Taking two wickets in two consecutive deliveries is occasionally known as a brace, or (more commonly) being '''on a hat-trick'''. This is only a run-up to the hat-trick. If a hat-trick is not achieved, it is not called a brace. |
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