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Hard Problem Of Consciousness




Various formulations of the "hard problem":
  • "Why should physical processing give rise to a rich inner life at all?"

  • "How is it that some organisms are subjects of experience?"

  • "Why does awareness of sensory information exist at all?"

  • "Why do Qualia exist?"

  • "Why is there a subjective component to experience?"

  • "Why aren't we Philosophical Zombie s?"

  • "What is it like to be a bat", or other conscious organism? ( Thomas Nagel )


It has been argued that the Hard Problem has had other scholarly inquiries considerably earlier than Chalmers. For instance, Leibniz wrote:


“Moreover, it must be confessed that perception and that
which depends upon it are inexplicable on mechanical
grounds, that is to say, by means of figures and motions. And
supposing there were a machine, so constructed as to think,
feel, and have perception, it might be conceived as increased in
size, while keeping the same proportions, so that one might go
into it as into a mill. That being so, (we should, on examining
its interior, find only parts which work one upon another, and
never anything by which to explain a perception.
Leibniz, monadology, 17, quoted by Istvan Aranyosi


And as Isaac Newton wrote in a letter to Henry Oldenburg: ''"to determine by what modes or actions light produceth in our minds the phantasm of colour is not so easie".'' Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on Panpsychism



Some philosophers, such as Daniel Dennett , ''Commentary on Chalmers: Facing Backwards on the Problem of Consciousness'' by Daniel Dennett oppose the idea that there is a Hard problem.


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