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HISTORY In 1998 the China Democracy Party was formed as one of the first true political opposition parties with global technical capabilities that could reach the masses via Internet, email and paging systems. The Communist Party feared the CDP would breed a powerful new network that the party elites may not be able to control.Goldman, Merle Goldman. Gu, Edward X. (2004). Chinese Intellectuals between State and Market. Routledge publishing. ISBN 0415325978 The CDP was immediately banned followed by arrests and imprisonment. That same year, the Golden Shield project was started in 1998. The first part of the project lasted eight years, completing in 2006. The second part began in 2006. It will be finished in 2008. According to China Central Television (CCTV), up to 2002, the preliminary work of the Golden Shield Project cost US$800 million (equivalent to RMB 6,400 million or €640 million).[http://www.epochtimes.com/gb/3/10/22/n397830p.htm 金盾工程前期耗8亿美元 建全国性监视系统 On 6 December 2002, 300 people in charge of the Golden Shield project from 31 provinces and cities throughout China participated in a four-day inaugural “Comprehensive Exhibition on Chinese Information System”. At the exhibition, many western high-tech products including Internet security, video monitoring and human face recognition, were purchased. It is estimated that around 30,000 police are employed in this gigantic project. 首屆「2002年中國大型機構信息化展覽會」全國31省市金盾工程領導雲集 It has been nicknamed the Great Firewall of China in reference to its role as a network Firewall and to the ancient Great Wall Of China . A major part of the project includes the ability to block content by preventing IP Address es from being routed through and consists of standard firewall and Proxy Server s at the Internet Gateways . The system also selectively engages in DNS Poisoning when particular sites are requested. The government does not appear to be systematically examining Internet content, as this appears to be technically impractical.1 PURPOSE In September 2002, Li Runsen, the technology director at MPS and member of the Golden Shield leadership, further explained this broad definition to thousands of police nationwide at a meeting in Beijing called “Information Technology for China’s Public Security”. In October 2001, Greg Walton of the International Centre For Human Rights And Democratic Development published a report; he wrote:
The Chinese government views the Golden Shield as one of the most important projects for ensuring its political power. In July of 2007, authorities intensified the "monitoring and control" of The Great Firewall, causing email disruption, in anticipation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization meeting scheduled for August 2007.2 TECHNICAL INFORMATION Some commonly-used methods for censoring content are: Empirical Analysis of Internet Filtering in China .
CENSORED CONTENT Research into mainland Chinese Internet Censorship has shown that censored Web sites include (among other things):
Blocked Web sites are indexed to a lesser degree, if at all, by some Chinese Search Engines , such as Baidu and Google China . This sometimes has considerable impact on search results.4 According to the New York Times , Google has set up computer systems inside China that try to access Web sites outside the country. If a site is inaccessible, then it is added to Google China's blacklist. Google's China Problem (and China's Google Problem) , p8 However, once unblocked, the Web sites will be reindexed. BYPASSING
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