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On Oil Production Rigs , in Refineries and Chemical Plant s, its primary purpose is to act as a safety device to protect vessels or pipes from over-pressuring due to unplanned upsets. This acts just like the spout on a Tea Kettle when it starts whistling as the water in it starts boiling. Whenever plant equipment items are over-pressured, the pressure relief valves on the equipment automatically releases gases (and sometimes liquids as well) which are routed through large Piping runs called flare headers to the flare stacks. The released gases and/or liquids are Burned as they exit the flare stacks. The size and brightness of the resulting flame depends upon how much flammable material was released. Steam can be injected into the flame to reduce the formation of black smoke. The injected steam does however make the burning of gas sound louder, which can cause complaints from nearby residents. Compared to the emission of black smoke, it can be seen as a valid trade off. In order to keep the flare system functional, a small amount of gas is continuously burned, like a Pilot Light , so that the system is always ready for its primary purpose as an over-pressure safety system. Some flares have been used to burn flammable "waste" gases or by-products that are not economical to retain. Over time, the industry is moving to flare-gas recovery systems to decrease waste and reduce emissions. Flaring and venting of Natural Gas in oil wells is a significant source of Greenhouse Gas emissions. Its contribution to greenhouse gases has declined by three-quarters in absolute terms since a peak in the 1970s of approximately 110 million metric tons/year and now accounts for about 1/2 of one percent of all Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide emissions. Global, Regional, and National CO2 Emissions . In ''Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change'', Marland, G., T.A. Boden, and R. J. Andres, 2005, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The , Russia, Iran , Algeria , Mexico , Venezuela , Indonesia , and the United States . The Climate Law Organization, Friends of the Earth International. In spite of a forbade legal by the Federal High Court of Nigeria 2005 were 2006 still 43% of the retrieval flared. It will be prohibited by law as of 2008. SEE ALSO
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