Information AboutFractionation |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT FRACTIONATION | |
| chemical processes | |
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Fractionation is widely employed in many branches of science and technology. Mixtures of liquids and gases are separated by Fractional Distillation by difference in boiling point. Fractionation of components also takes place in Column Chromatography by a difference in affinity between Stationary Phase and the Mobile Phase . In Fractional Crystallization and Fractional Freezing Chemical Substance s are fractionated based on difference in solubility at a given temperature. In Cell Fractionation , Cell components are separated by difference in Mass . PLASMA PROTEIN FRACTIONATION Plasma proteins are separated by using the inherent differences of each protein. Fractionation involves changing the conditions of the pooled plasma (e.g., the temperature or the acidity) so that proteins that are normally dissolved in the plasma fluid become insoluble, forming large clumps, called precipitate. The insoluble protein can be collected by Centrifugation . One of the very effective ways for carrying out this process is the addition of alcohol to the plasma pool while simultaneously cooling the pool. This process is sometimes called cold alcohol fractionation or ethanol fractionation. It was described by and bears the eponym of Dr Edwin J. Cohn . This procedure is carried out in a series of steps so that a single pool of plasma yields several different protein products, such as albumin and immune globulin. [http://www.fda.gov/ola/1997/plasma.htm Human serum albumin prepared by this process is used in some vaccines among several uses. FRACTIONATION AS CANCER TREATMENT Fractionation also refers to a method of treating cancer with radiation therapy. When the total dose of radiation is divided into several, smaller doses over a period of several days, there are fewer toxic effects on healthy cells. This maximizes the effect of radiation on cancer and minimizes the negative side effects. REFERENCES |
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