| Firman |
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| persian loanwords | |
| ottoman empire | |
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ORIGINS OF FIRMANS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE In the Ottoman Empire, the Sultan derived his authority from his role as upholder of the Shar'ia, but the Shar'ia did not cover all aspects of Ottoman social and political life. Therefore, in order to regulate relations and status, duties and dress of aristocracy and subjects, the Sultan created firmans. {Link without Title} ORGANIZATION Firmans were gathered in kanun, which were codes. The kanun were "a form of secular and administrative law considered to be a valid extension of religious law as a result of the ruler's right to exercise legal judgement on behalf of the community. {Link without Title} EXAMPLES OF OTTOMAN FIRMANS Firman of Sultan Murad (26 October - 23 November 1386) Kept at St Paul's Monastery. In this firman, Sultan Murad I recognizes a degree created by his father Sultan Orhan (ca. 1324-60), He gives the monks all they owned during his father's reign, ordering that no one can oppress them or claim their land. {Link without Title} Firman of Sultan Mehmed IV (1648-1687) In this firman, the monks of Mount Athos report that the administrative officials charged with the collection of taxes come at a later date than they are supposed to and demand more money than the value assessed. They also make illegal demands for additional food supplies. {Link without Title} |
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