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In the United States , the Indian tribe is a fundamental unit, and the constitution grants to the U.S. Congress the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, the Supreme Court Of The United States in United States v. Sandoval (231 US. 28 {Link without Title} ) warned, "it is not... that Congress may bring a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions
whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46).Sheffield (1998) p56 Federal Tribal Recognition grants to tribes the right to certain benefits, and is largely controlled by the United States federal agency, the Bureau Of Indian Affairs .

On March 22, 2007, the U.S. government's of this list but no longer contained in the current listing have been included here in italics print.

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