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HISTORY NEUROGEN ( Gibson & Byrne, 1991 ) employed a genetic algorithm to produce and combine musical fragments and a neural network (trained on examples of "real" music) to evaluate their fitness. A genetic algorithm is also a key part of the improvisation and accompaniment system GenJam which has been developed since 1993 by Al Biles. Al and GenJam are together known as the Al Biles Virtual Quintet and have performed many times to human audiences. In 1997 Brad Johanson and Riccardo Poli developed the GP-Music System which, as the name implies, used genetic programming to breed melodies according to both human and automated ratings. Several systems for drum loop evolution have been produced (including one commercial program called MuSing ). RECENT WORK The EvoMUSART workshops ( 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 ) on evolutionary music and art are one of the main outlets for work on evolutionary music. The EuroGP Song Contest (a Pun on Eurovision Song Contest ) was held at EuroGP 2004 . In this experiment several tens of users were first tested for their ability to recognise musical differences, and then a short piano-based melody was evolved. Al Biles gave a tutorial on evolutionary music at GECCO 2005 and co-edited a book on the subject with contributions from many researchers in the field. The Evolutionary Remix Machine is a web-based loop generator which uses genetic programming for sound synthesis, sample processing (effects), rhythm and melodic composition. Loop fitness is provided by the listener over the internet. LINKS Al Biles' Evolutionary Music Bibliography - also includes pointers to work on evolutionary sound synthesis. BOOKS Creative Evolutionary Systems by David W. Corne, Peter J. Bentley SEE ALSO |
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