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DESIGN FOR ALL


”Design for All is design for human diversity, social inclusion and equality.”http://www.design-for-all.org/images/Stockholmdeclaration_1.pdf

Design for All is a methodology dealing with the process of design rather than the product that results. Design for All seeks to ensure that the issue of Social Inclusion of Disability People With Disabilities is taken into account at all levels of Decision Making within an organised Social Structure such as the family, a Social Organisation , a Business Enterprise or a government department. Design for All defines the elements of the process of decision making as "Awareness" , "Audit", "Consultation" and "Impact Assessment" .

Today, Planning and Design for All are being recognised increasingly as necessary elements in pro-active strategies for sustainable development.

Design for All first came into use in 1993, the European Institute for Design and Disability (EIDD) http://www.design-for-all.org/ developed the mission statement: “Enhancing the quality of life through Design for All”.

Over a period of ten years, EIDD provided the European platform on Design for All, culminating in the publication of the Stockholm Declaration on Design for all in 2004 http://www.design-for-all.org/images/Stockholmdeclaration_1.pdf

Design for All aims to enable all people to have equal opportunities to participate in every aspect of society. This calls for the built environment, everyday objects, services, culture and information to be made accessible, convenient for everyone in society to use and responsive to evolving human diversity.

Design for All enables a person (actor) to achieve an effect by employing a tool that interfaces with the sensory/physical/intellectual modality preferred This enabling interface calls for an enabling environment, enabling society and enabling processes.

The medical model of "disability" is the Medically Defined loss of a bodily function. It is true that this loss disables a person from one or more particular modalities. However, the human body does not strive to act in ways that are not enabled. The person who experiences such a loss of function immediately turns to one or more modalities that are still available to use.

The social model of disability defines disability as: ‘the disadvantage or restriction of activity caused by a contemporary social organisation which takes little or no account of people who have physical impairments
and thus excludes them from participation in the mainstream of social activities.’
This definition recognises that the enablement comes from the environment that is expects a person to act in any modality. Design for All offers a methodology for working out how this enablement can be guaranteed.
The disablement that such a person encounters is actually due to the fact that the interface which he or she uses is not being enabled by the environment in which the person is operating.
The enabling interface is a set of multi modal factors and Design for All calls for clarification of what environmental factors will enable them in order to make it possible for the "disabled" person to function in society. This is a new approach that targets the environment and not the person. The details of the approach must be developed or we will continue to call on service providers to "cater" for people with disabilities and to "include" them without ever explaining how to do so.


ENABLING INTERFACE


Examples include:

  • The visual interface: This is more or less the familiar one which we have always known and normally create. However, it focuses on the good and bad effects of visual stimuli in the design. This might also be used by a person who is overwhelmed by loud traffic noise, pop music, or experiencing permanent or temporary deafness. Such a person will require clear visual images and written notices etc. and, for example, emergency signalling by means of warning lights. --- The rolling interface: This would be used by people who need rolling access. These may be people with a child in a buggy, luggage on wheels, bicycles and people using wheelchairs. This interface requires an even, unbroken surface that is sloped to change height or level. This interface will place a demand for the treatment of thresholds, the quality of surface materials and widths of openings. --- The acoustic interface: This exploits the auditory function to convey information about a space. A person using this interface would seek the use of materials with a view to altering the sound of a space. For example, carpets to mute echoes and create a softer effect. Exposed brick or concrete to give a sharp echo etc. --- The tactile interface: This would be used by people with partial or total loss of sight but would also be used by all other users at a lower level of conscious awareness. It is particularly useful to car drivers who need to manage the pedals and gear shift without having to take their eyes off the road. This interface calls upon the use of different textures to provide non-visual character to a design. Changes of surface would be used to convey information. --- The Olfactory interface. This makes use of the sense of smell to convey information. The conscious employment of scent to create different ambiences such as a peaceful garden, a restless space, a hygienic space, an inviting space supplying food, etc.


It does not matter whether a person has lost a function or just simply wants to interface with the environment in a different way. It is the business of the designer to know about the interface that must be enabled not the condition of the person who might or might not use the completed design.


ENABLING PROCESSES



ENABLING ENVIRONMENTS



ENABLING SOCIETY



THE PROOFING MOMENT