Information AboutDeed |
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with Seal tag dated 1638 .]] A deed is a Legal Instrument used to grant a Right . Deeds are part of the broader category of '''documents under seal'''. Deeds can best be described as formalised contracts, requiring the agreement of more than one person. Deeds can therefore be distinguished from Covenants , which being also under seal, are unilateral promises. The deed is best known as the method of transferring Title to Real Estate from one person to another, often using a description of its " Metes And Bounds ." However, by the general definition, Powers Of Attorney , Commission s, Patent s, and even Diploma s conferring Academic Degree s are also deeds. Historically at Common Law , for an instrument to be a valid deed it needed five things:
Conditions attached to the acceptance of a deed are known as Covenant s. TYPES OF DEEDS General warranty and special warranty ''Main article Warranty Deed '' In the transfer of real estate, a deed conveys ownership from the old owner (the grantor) to the new owner (the grantee), and can include various Warranties . The precise name of these warranties differ by jurisdiction. However the basic difference between them is the degree to which the grantor warrants the title. The grantor may give a general warranty of title against any claims, or the warranty may be limited only to claims which occurred after the grantor obtained the real estate. The latter type of deed is usually known as a ''special Warranty Deed ''. While a ''general warranty deed'' is normally used for residential real estate sales and transfers, special warranty deeds are more commonly used in commercial transactions. Bargain and sale deed ''Main article Bargain And Sale Deed '' A third type of deed, known as a ''bargain and sale deed'', implies that the grantor has the right to convey title but makes no warranties against encumbrances. This type of deed is most commonly used by court officials or Fiduciaries that hold the property by force of law rather than title, such as properties seized for unpaid taxes and sold at Sheriff's Sale , or an Executor . Quitclaim deed ''Main article Quitclaim Deed '' A so-called '' Quitclaim Deed '' is (in most states) actually not a deed at all--it is actually an Estoppel disclaiming rights of the person signing it to property. Deed of trust In some jurisdictions, a Deed Of Trust is used as an equivalent to a Mortgage . A trust deed isn’t like the other types of deeds; it’s not used to transfer property directly. It is commonly used in some states (California, for example) to transfer title to land to a “trustee,” usually a trust or title company, which holds the title as security ("in Escrow ") for a loan. When the loan is paid off, title is transferred to the borrower by recording a release of the obligation and the trustee's contingent ownership is extinguished. Otherwise (upon default), the trustee will liquidate the property (with a new deed) and offset the lender's loss with the proceeds. RECORDING Usually the transfer of ownership of real estate is registered at a Cadastre in the United Kingdom . In most parts of the United States, deeds must be submitted to the Recorder Of Deeds , who acts as a cadastre, to be registered. An unrecorded deed may be valid proof of ownership between the parties, but may have no effect upon third-party claims until disclosed or recorded. A local statute may prescribe a period beyond which unrecorded deeds become void as to third-parties, at least as to intervening acts. JOINT OWNERSHIP Ownership transfer may also be crafted within deeds to pass by demise, as where a property is held in Concurrent Estate such as "joint tenants with right of survivorship" (JTWROS), "tenants by the entirety", or as a Life Estate . In each case, the title to the property immediately and automatically vests in the named survivor(s) upon the death of the other tenant(s). Pardons as deeds In the United States Of America , a Pardon of the President was at one time considered to be a deed and thus needed to be accepted by the recipient. This made it impossible to grant a pardon posthumously. However, in the case of Henry Ossian Flipper , this view was altered when President Bill Clinton pardoned him in 1999 . SEE ALSO |
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