Information AboutCubism |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT CUBISM | |
| art movements | |
| modern art | |
| cubismart movements | |
| modern art | |
| cubism | |
| art movements | |
| modern art | |
| abstract art | |
|
, Czech Republic ]] , Czech Republic ]] , Prague, Czech Republic]] Cubism was a 20th century Art movement that revolutionized European Painting and Sculpture , and inspired related movements in Music and Literature . It initially developed as a short but highly significant art movement from around 1907 until 1914 in France. In 1906, Picasso met Henri Matisse through Gertrude Stein and, from then on, the renowned artist became his best friend. For the next decades, Picasso competed with Matisse and would try to impress him. Because of this friendship, his work entered a new period marked by the influence of Greek, Iberian and African art, which was Protocubism, the antecedent of Cubism. In cubist artworks, objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form — instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context. Often the surfaces intersect at seemingly random angles presenting no coherent sense of depth. The background and object planes interpenetrate one another to create the ambiguous shallow space characteristic of cubism. Some believe that the roots of cubism are to be found in the two distinct tendencies of , and secondly his interest in the simplification of natural forms into cylinders, spheres, and cones. The cubists went farther than Cézanne; they represented all the surfaces of depicted objects in a single picture plane as if the objects had had all their faces visible at the same time, in the same plane.(citation needed) This new kind of depiction revolutionised the way in which objects could be visualised in painting and art. The invention of Cubism was a joint effort between Picasso and Braque , then residents of Montmartre , Paris . These artists were the movement's main innovators. A later active participant was the Spaniard Juan Gris . After meeting in 1907 Braque and Picasso in particular began working on the development of Cubism in 1908 and worked closely together until the outbreak of World War I in 1914 . The movement spread quickly throughout Paris and Europe. French art critic Louis Vauxcelles first used the term "cubism", or "bizarre cubiques", in 1908 after seeing a picture by Braque. He described it as 'full of little cubes', after which the term quickly gained wide use although the two creators did not initially adopt it. Art historian Ernst Gombrich described cubism as "the most radical attempt to stamp out ambiguity and to enforce one reading of the picture - that of a man-made construction, a colored canvas." Ernst Gombrich (1960) ''Art and Illusion'', as quoted in Marshall McLuhan (1964) '' Understanding Media '', p.12 {Link without Title} Cubism was taken up by many artists in Montparnasse and promoted by art dealer Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler , becoming popular so quickly that by 1911 critics were referring to a "cubist school" of artists. However, many of the artists who thought of themselves as cubists went in directions quite different from Braque and Picasso. The Puteaux Group was a significant offshoot of the Cubist movement, and included artists like Guillaume Apollinaire , Robert Delaunay , Marcel Duchamp , his brother Jacques Villon , and Fernand Léger . In 1913 the United States was exposed to cubism and modern European art when Jacques Villon exhibited seven important and large drypoints at the famous Armory Show in New York City. Braque and Picasso themselves went through several distinct phases before 1920, and some of these works had been seen in New York prior to the Armory Show, at Alfred Stieglitz 's "291" gallery. Czech artists who realized the epochal significance of cubism of Picasso and Braque attempted to extract its components for their own work in all branches of artistic creativity - especially Painting and Architecture . This developed into so-called Czech Cubism which was an Avant-garde art movement of Czech proponents of cubism active mostly in Prague from 1910 to 1914. CUBISM AND ITS IDEOLOGIES Paris before World War I was a ferment of politics. New Anarcho-syndicalist trade unions and women's rights movements were especially new and vigorous. There were strong movements around patriotic nationalism. Cubism was a particularly varied art movement in its political affiliations, with some sections being broadly anarchist or leftist, while others were strongly aligned with nationalist sentiment. TYPES OF CUBISM There are two main types of cubism, Analytical Cubism and Synthetic Cubism . Analytic cubism was the first to be invented, and can often appear quite complex and abstract, with dark, almost monochromatic earth-toned colours. Synthetic cubism was simpler and more colorful, and often made use of collage including the use of several two-dimensional materials. Both types were developed jointly by both Picasso and Braque . During the two artists' time of collaboration from 1907 and ending with the First World War, their styles intermingled and they painted the same subjects, making their works at times closely resemble each other. CUBISM IN OTHER FIELDS The poets associated with Cubism are and Ron Padgett have recently produced new translations of Reverdy's work. Wallace Stevens ' "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird" is also said to demonstrate how cubism's multiple perspectives can be translated into poetry. In architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright gained widespread notoriety for his three-dimensional cubist building designs with highly fractured floor plans. library in the US.]] REFERENCES FURTHER READING SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
|
|
|