Information AboutCrusade |
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, from a medieval miniature painting, during the First Crusade .]] The Crusades were a series of military conflicts of a Religious Character waged by Christians during 1095 – 1291 , most of which were sanctioned by the Pope in the name of Christendom . This term refers to a particular polity of the Medieval world. The Crusades originally had the goal of recapturing Jerusalem and the Sacred " Holy Land " from Muslim rule and were originally launched in response to a call from the Eastern Orthodox Byzantine Empire for help against the expansion of the Muslim Seljuq Dynasty into Anatolia . The term is also used to describe contemporaneous and subsequent campaigns conducted through to the 16th century in territories outside The Levant such as Muslim territories in Al Andalus , Ifriqiya , and Egypt , as well as in Eastern Europe , usually against Pagan s, those considered by the Catholic Church to be Heretic s, and peoples under the ban of Excommunication for a mixture of religious, economic, and political reasons.''e.g.'' the Albigensian Crusade , the Aragonese Crusade , the Reconquista and the Northern Crusades . Rivalries among both Christian and Muslim powers led also to alliances between religious factions against their opponents, such as the Christian alliance with the Sultanate Of Rum during the Fifth Crusade . The traditional numbering scheme for the Crusades includes the nine major expeditions to the Holy Land during the 11th to 13th centuries. Other unnumbered "crusades" continued into the 16th century, lasting until the political and religious climate of Europe was significantly changed during the Renaissance and Reformation . The Crusades had far-reaching political, economic, and social impacts, some of which have lasted into contemporary times. Because of internal conflicts among Christian kingdoms and political powers, some of the crusade expeditions (such as the Fourth Crusade ) were diverted from their original aim and resulted in the sack of a Christian city, Constantinople , and the partition of the Byzantine Empire between Venice and the Crusaders. The Sixth Crusade was the first crusade to set sail without the official blessing of the Church, establishing the precedent that rulers other than the Pope could initiate a crusade. HISTORICAL CONTEXT
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