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A crank is a bent portion of an Axle , or Shaft , or an Arm keyed at right angles to the end of a Shaft , by which motion is imparted to or received from it; also used to change circular into Reciprocating Motion , or reciprocating into Circular Motion . One application is human-powered turning of the axle. Often there is a bar perpendicular to the other end of the arm, often with a freely rotatable handle on it to hold in the hand, or in the case of operation by a foot (usually with a second arm for the other foot), with a freely rotatable Pedal . Familiar examples include:
The earliest hand-operated cranks appeared in ; for example almost all Phonograph s before the 1930s were powered by Clockwork motors wound with cranks, and Internal Combustion Engine s of Automobile s were usually started with cranks before electric starters came into general use. REFERENCES SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS AND BOOKS
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