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ENGLAND counties in 1086]] See Also: Counties of England In and County Borough s.Kingdom, J., ''Local Government and Politics in Britain,'' (1991) The counties and their boundaries existing prior to these changes are known variously as the ''ancient counties'', ''historic counties'' or ''traditional counties''. The changes which formed the current structure began in 1965 with the London Government Act 1963 and the creation of Greater London . In 1974 the administrative counties and county boroughs were abolished and replaced with Metropolitan Counties and Non-metropolitan Counties (also known as shire counties)Arnold-Baker, C., ''Local Government Act 1972'', (1973) with much altered borders.Redcliffe-Maud & Wood, B., ''English Local Government Reformed,'' (1974) In the 1990 s Unitary Authorities were also created which combine functions of county and district. Unlike Scotland and Wales, England now has a mixed pattern of county level subnational division: The areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant are the Ceremonial Counties Of England . SCOTLAND See Also: Counties of Scotland In . (The islands areas had been created as unitary council areas, and their boundaries were unaffected.) The 1889 legislation created County Council s, turned each civil county (with one exception) into a contiguous area (without separate fragments) and adjusted boundaries where Civil Parish es straddled county boundaries, or had fragments in more than one county. The counties of Ross and Cromarty were merged to form Ross And Cromarty .''Boundaries of Counties and Parishes in Scotland'', Hay Shennan, 1892 One region and various districts, created in 1975, had areas similar to those of earlier counties, and various council areas, created in 1996, are also similar. Two of the three islands areas - Orkney and Shetland - have boundaries identical to those of earlier counties. Scotland has also Registration Counties , which are in current use. The areas of Scotland that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant are called Lieutenancy Areas . WALES See Also: Counties of Wales The thirteen Historic Counties Of Wales were fixed by statute in 1535 (although counties such as Pembrokeshire date from 1138). The Administrative Counties Of Wales created in 1889 were based on these. In 1974 a new system was created using vastly different entities. These were abolished in 1996 and since then Wales has been entirely divided into a system of Unitary Authorities . The areas of Wales that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant are the Preserved Counties Of Wales ; based on the counties constituted in 1974. NORTHERN IRELAND Main article: Counties Of Northern Ireland The six historic counties of Northern Ireland are no longer strictly in use for administrative purposes. Combined with the boroughs of Belfast and Derry , the counties do serve for organisational purposes within government, and often with private businesses and sporting clubs. The counties of Northern Ireland are all fully contained within the historic province of Ulster . One county has changed its name from that of County Coleraine to County Londonderry . REFERENCES |
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