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COMPUTATIONAL PROPERTIES


Computationally the context-sensitive languages are equivalent with linear bounded non-deterministic Turing Machine s. That is a non-deterministic Turing machine with a tape of only ''kn'' cells, where ''n'' is the size of the input and ''k'' is a constant associated with the machine. This means that every formal language that can be decided by such a machine is a context-sensitive language, and every context-sensitive language can be decided by such a machine.

This set of languages is also known as NLIN-SPACE, because they can be accepted using linear space on a non-deterministic Turing machine. The class '''LIN-SPACE''' is defined the same, except using a deterministic Turing machine. Clearly '''LIN-SPACE''' is a subset of NLIN-SPACE, but it is not known whether '''LIN-SPACE'''=NLIN-SPACE. It is widely suspected they are not equal.


EXAMPLES


An example of a context-sensitive language that is not context-free is ''L'' = { ''ap'' : ''p'' is a Prime Number }. The easiest way to show this is using a linear bounded Turing machine.


PROPERTIES OF CONTEXT-SENSITIVE LANGUAGES


  • The union, intersection, and concatenation of two context-sensitive languages is context-sensitive.

  • The complement of a context-sensitive language is itself context-sensitive.

  • Every Context-free language is context-sensitive.

  • Membership of a string in a language defined by an arbitrary context-sensitive grammar, or by an arbitrary deterministic context-sensitive grammar, is a PSPACE-complete problem.



SEE ALSO



  • Sipser, M. (1996), ''Introduction to the Theory of Computation'', PWS Publishing Co.