Information AboutComputing |
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The term ''computing'' is synonymous with counting and calculating. Originally, people that performed these functions were known as ''computers.'' Today it refers to a science and Technology that deals with the computation and the manipulation of symbols. "Computing" also refers to the '''operation''' and usage of '''computing''' Machine s, the Electrical Processes carried out within the computing Hardware itself, and the theoretical concepts governing them ( Computer Science ). DEFINITIONS The term ''computing'' has sometimes been narrowly defined, as in a 1989 ACM report on ''Computing as a Discipline'' Computing as a Discipline (pdf) : ''The discipline of computing is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information: their theory, analysis, design, efficiency, implementation, and application. The fundamental question underlying all computing is 'What can be (efficiently) automated?''' However, a broader definition is generally accepted, as illustrated by the 2005 joint report of the ACM and the IEEE , ''Computing Curricula 2005'' Computing Curricula 2005 -- The Overview Report (pdf) : ''In a general way, we can define computing to mean any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers. Thus, computing includes designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific studies using computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; creating and using communications and entertainment media; finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on. The list is virtually endless, and the possibilities are vast.'' The same report also recognizes that the meaning of ''computing'' depends on the context: ''Computing also has other meanings that are more specific, based on the context in which the term is used. For example, an information systems specialist will view computing somewhat differently from a software engineer. Regardless of the context, doing computing well can be complicated and difficult. Because society needs people to do computing well, we must think of computing not only as a profession but also as a discipline.'' In short, the concept of ''computing'' relates to human knowledge and activities which develop and use Computer Technologies . SCIENCE AND THEORY
HARDWARE See Information Processor for a high-level block diagram.
Instruction-level taxonomies After the commoditization of Memory , attention turned to optimizing CPU performance at the instruction level. Various methods of speeding up the fetch-execute cycle include:
SOFTWARE
HISTORY OF COMPUTING
BUSINESS COMPUTING
HUMAN FACTORS COMPUTER NETWORK Wired and wireless computer network
Computing technology based wireless networking (CbWN) The main of goal of CbWN is to optimize the system performance of the flexible wireless network.
COMPUTER SECURITY DATA Numeric data
Character data
Other data topics MECHATRONICS CLASSES OF COMPUTERS
COMPANIES - CURRENT COMPANIES - HISTORIC
ORGANIZATIONS Professional
Standards bodies ''See also: Standardization and Standards Organization ''
Open standards ''See also Open Standard ''
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