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LIST Related links are suggested in parentheses. #All-or-nothing thinking - Thinking of things in absolute terms, like "always", "every" or "never". Few aspects of human behavior are so absolute. (See False Dilemma .) #Overgeneralization - Taking isolated cases and using them to make wide generalizations. (See Hasty Generalization .) #Mental filter - Focusing exclusively on certain, usually negative or upsetting, aspects of something while ignoring the rest, like a tiny imperfection in a piece of clothing. (See Misleading Vividness .) #Disqualifying the positive - Continually "shooting down" positive experiences for arbitrary, ad hoc reasons. (See Special Pleading .) #Jumping to conclusions - Assuming something negative where there is no evidence to support it. Two specific subtypes are also identified:
# Magnification and '''Minimization''' - Inappropriately understating or exaggerating the way people or situations truly are. Often the positive characteristics of ''other people'' are exaggerated and negative characteristics are understated. There is one subtype of magnification:
# Emotional reasoning - Making decisions and arguments based on how you ''feel'' rather than objective reality. (See Appeal To Consequences .) # Making should statements - Concentrating on what you think "should" or ought to be rather than the actual situation you are faced with, or having '''rigid rules''' which you think should always apply no matter what the circumstances are. (See Wishful Thinking .) # Labeling - Related to overgeneralization, explaining by naming. Rather than describing the specific behavior, you assign a label to someone or yourself that puts them in absolute and unalterable terms. # Personalization (or Attribution ) - Assuming you or others directly caused things when that may not have been the case. (See Illusion Of Control .) When applied to others this is an example of blame. SEE ALSO REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS |
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