| Central Nervous System |
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The central nervous system ('''CNS''') represents the largest part of the Nervous System , including the Brain and the Spinal Cord . Together with the Peripheral Nervous System , it has a fundamental role in the control of Behavior . The CNS is contained within the dorsal cavity, with the brain within the cranial subcavity, and the spinal cord in the Spinal Cavity . The CNS is covered by the Meninges . The brain is also protected by the skull, and the spinal cord is also protected by the vertebrae. FUNCTION See Also: Brain Function Since the strong theoretical influence of Cybernetics in the fifties, the CNS is conceived as a system devoted to information processing, where an appropriate Motor Output is computed as a response to a sensory input. Yet, many threads of research suggest that motor activity exists well before the maturation of the sensory systems and then, that the senses only influence behavior without dictating it. This has brought the conception of the CNS as an Autonomous System . DEVELOPMENT See Also: Neural development In the developing fetus, the CNS originates from the (rostral/cephalic) and Spinal Cord (caudal). Consecutively, the brain will differentiate into Prosencephalon and Brainstem . Later, the prosencephalon will subdivide into Telencephalon and Diencephalon , and the brainstem into Mesencephalon and Rhombencephalon . Details See Also: Neuroanatomy The telencephalon gives rise to the Striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the Hippocampus and the Neocortex , its cavity becomes the lateral (first and second) ventricles. The diencephalon give rise to the Subthalamus , Hypothalamus , Thalamus and Epithalamus , its cavity to the third ventricle. The mesencephalon gives rise to the Tectum , Pretectum , Cerebral Peduncle and its cavity develops into the Mesencephalic Duct or cerebral aqueduct. Finally, the rhombencephalon gives rise to the Pons , the Cerebellum and the Medulla Oblongata , its cavity becomes the fourth ventricle. EVOLUTION See Also: Brain Evolution The basic pattern of the CNS is highly conserved throughout the different species of study of brain size among different species shows a striking continuity from rats to whales, and allows us to complete the knowledge about the evolution of the CNS obtained through Cranial Endocast s. ''See also:'' Encephalization , Neocortex , Archicortex PARTS OF THE VERTEBRATE CNS See Also: List of regions in the human brain SEE ALSO
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