| Carson Bandwidth Rule |
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(Note: John Renshaw Carson was born in 1886. He worked in AT&T. He died in 1940. He had a twin brother, Joseph Robb Carson.) Carson's bandwidth rule is expressed by the relation CBR = 2 (Δ''f'' + ''f'' m) where CBR is the bandwidth requirement, Δ''f'' is the peak frequency deviation, and ''f'' m is the highest frequency in the modulating signal. For example, an FM signal with 5 KHz peak deviation, and a maximum audio frequency of 3 kHz, would require an approximate bandwidth 2(5+3) = 16 kHz. Carson's bandwidth rule is often applied to Transmitter s, Antenna s, optical sources, Receiver s, Photodetector s, and other communications system components. Theoretically any FM signal will have an ''infinite'' number of sidebands and hence an infinite bandwidth but in practice all significant sideband energy (98% or more) is concentrated within the bandwidth defined by Carson's rule. REFERENCES {Link without Title} J.R. Carson, "Notes on the theory of modulation", Proc. IRE, vol. 10, no. 1 (Feb. 1922), pp. 57-64.
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