| Carriers Constraint |
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| respiration | |
CONSEQUENCES OF CARRIER'S CONSTRAINT Most lizards move in short bursts, with long pauses for breath. WAYS OF AVOIDING CARRIER'S CONSTRAINT Partial solutions Sea snakes have only one lung. Monitor Lizard s increase their stamina by using bones and muscles in the throat and floor of the mouth to "gulp" air.2 Crocodilians have three modes of locomotion: crawling for short distances (this sprawling gait is subject to Carrier's Constraint); "high walk" for longer distances (the erect limb posture minimizes sideways flexing); "gallop" in emergencies (avoids Carrier's Constraint but they can only gallop for a few seconds). Complete solutions Bird s have erect limbs and rigid bodies, and therefore do not flex sideways when moving. In addition many of them have a mechanism which pumps both lungs simultaneously when the birds rock their hips. Most Mammal s have erect limbs and flexible bodies, which makes their bodies flex vertically when moving fast. This aids breathing as it expands and compresses both lungs simultaneously. REFERENCES |
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