Calcium

Calcium ( in the Periodic Table that has the symbol '''Ca''' and Atomic Number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078. Calcium is a soft grey Alkaline Earth Metal , and is the fifth most abundant element in the Earth 's crust. It is essential for living Organism s, particularly in Cell Physiology , and is the most common Metal in many Animal s.

NOTABLE CHARACTERISTICS

Calcium is a rather soft (though harder than lead), gray, metallic element that can be extracted by Electrolysis from fused Calcium Chloride .Pauling, Linus ''General Chemistry'' p. 627, 1970 ed. Dover Publications It burns with a yellow-red flame and forms a white Nitride coating when exposed to air. It reacts with Water , displacing a hydrogen atom from the structure, then forming Calcium Hydroxide .

The most abundant isotope, ⁴⁰Ca, has a nucleus of 20 Proton s and 20 Neutron s. Its Electron Configuration is 2 Electron s in the K shell (principal quantum number 1), 8 in the L shell (principal quantum number 2), 8 in the M shell (principal quantum number 3), and 2 in the N shell (principal quantum number 4). The outer shell is the valence shell, with 2 electrons in the lone 4s orbital, the 3d orbitals being empty.

OCCURRENCE

Calcium is not naturally found in its elemental state. Calcium occurs most commonly in , Amphibole s, Pyroxene s and Garnet s.

''See also .''

APPLICATIONS

Some uses are:

as a Reducing Agent in the extraction of other metals, such as Uranium , Zirconium , and Thorium .

as a deoxidizer, desulfurizer, or decarbonizer for various Ferrous and nonferrous Alloy s.

as an alloying agent used in the production of Aluminium , Beryllium , Copper , Lead , and Magnesium alloys.

in the making of Cement s and Mortars to be used in Construction .

Calcium compounds

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃) used in manufacturing Cement and Mortar , Lime , Limestone (usually used in the steel industry); aids in production in the glass industry, also has chemical and optical uses as mineral specimens in Toothpastes for example.

Calcium Arsenate (Ca₃(AsO₄)₂) is used in Insecticide s.

gas (for use in acetylene Torch es for Welding ) and in the manufacturing of Plastic s.

removal and Dust control on dirt roads, in Conditioner for Concrete , as an additive in canned Tomato es, and to provide body for Automobile Tire s.

Calcium cyclamate (Ca(C₆H₁₁NHSO₄)₂) was used as a sweetening agent but is no longer permitted for use because of suspected cancer-causing properties.

Calcium gluconate (Ca(C₆H₁₁O₇)₂) is used as a Food Additive and in Vitamin pills.

Disinfectant , as a Bleach ing agent, as an ingredient in Deodorant , and in Algicide and Fungicide .

Calcium permanganate (Ca(MnO₄)₂) is used in liquid rocket propellant, Textile production, as a water sterilizing agent and in dental procedures.

Calcium Phosphate (Ca₃(PO₄)₂) is used as a supplement for Animal feed, Fertilizer , in commercial production for Dough and Yeast products, in the manufacture of Glass , and in dental products.

Calcium Phosphide (Ca₃P₂) is used in Fireworks , Rodenticide , Torpedo es and Flare s.

Calcium Stearate (Ca(C₁₈H₃₅O₂)₂ is used in the manufacture of Wax Crayon s, Cement s, certain kinds of Plastic s and Cosmetics , as a Food Additive , in the production of water resistant materials and in the production of Paint s.

Calcium Sulfate (CaSO₄·2H₂O) is used as common blackboard chalk, as well as, in its hemihydrate form being more well known as Plaster of Paris.

Calcium Tungstate (CaWO₄) is used in luminous Paint s, Fluorescent Light s and in X-ray studies.

H and K lines

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Calcium