This is a paradigm of Bulgarian Verb s, that is, a set of Conjugation tables for the model Regular Verb s and for most Irregular Verb s.
The tables include only the simple tenses. The Compound Tenses and the renarrative forms can be easily put together by using the appropriate tense of ''съм'' + past active aorist/imperfect participle, ''ща'' + ''да'' + present tense or the constructions ''ще''/''няма да''/''нямаше да'' + present tense (see the main article for more information).
The pronouns ''аз, ти, той, ние, вие'' and ''те'' are used to symbolise the three persons and two numbers. Note, however, that Bulgarian is a Pro-drop Language and so it is the norm to omit subject pronouns when not needed for contrast or emphasis. Note also that the subject, if specified, can easily be something other than these pronouns. For example, instead of ''той'', we can have ''тя'', ''то'', or a noun phrase. Instead of ''ние'', we can have ''ти и аз'', ''той и аз'' etc., or a noun phrase that includes the speaker. The same comments hold for ''вие'' and ''те''.
A verb's Conjugation is determined by its third-person singular present tense form, so in this article this form will be called "conjugation determiner". The Stress is also a very important factor in the conjugation. Most of the verbs given here are Imperfective and Transitive , because Perfective and Intransitive Verb s lack some forms.
In the following verb forms, the part coloured in black is the conjugation determiner or what remains from it, the part coloured in red is an ending attached to the conjugation determiner, the part coloured in blue is any stem change in the conjugation determiner.
- 1st type: -, -'''тѐ''' and -'''сѐ''' verbs:
- --- Subtype A: - and -'''тѐ''' verbs — кра (to steal), че'''тѐ''' (to read);
- --- Subtype B: - verbs — па (to graze, to pasture).
- 2nd type: - verbs:
- --- Subtype A includes the verbs:
--''пека''/''пече'' (to bake, to roast) and its Derivatives — ''допека, запека, изпека, напека, опека, подпека, понапека, поопека, попека, препека, припека, спека'', etc.
--''река''/''рече'' (to say, to tell) and its Derivatives — ''врека, дорека, зарека, изрека, нарека, обрека, отрека, порека, предрека, самоотрека'', etc.
--''тека''/''тече'' (to flow) and its Derivatives — ''втека, дотека, завтека, затека, изтека, натека, отека, оттека, поотека, потека, притека, произтека, протека, разтека, самоотрека, стека'', etc.
- --- Subtype B includes the verbs:
--''сека''/''сече'' (to cut, to chop) and its Derivatives — ''всека, доизсека, досека, засека, изпосека, изсека, насека, обсека, осека, отсека, подсека, позасека, поизсека, понасека, поосека, попресека, поразсека, посека, пресека, просека, разсека, съсека'', etc.
--verbs ending in -''лека''/''лече'' — ''влека, въвлека, довлека, завлека, извлека, навлека, наоблека, облека, отвлека, повлека, пооблека, поувлека, преоблека, привлека, провлека, развлека, разоблека, разсъблека, свлека, съблека, увлека'', etc.
- 3rd type: - verbs — в (to enter). This type consists solely of Perfective and Intransitive Verb s and such verbs have no adverbial, present active or past passive participles, and no verbal nouns.
- 4th type: -, -'''зѐ''' and -'''вѐ''' verbs — гре (to row), гри'''зѐ''' (to gnaw), зо'''вѐ''' (to call);
- 5th type: verbs ending in a consonant + - — в'''ре''' (to thrust).
- 6th type: - verbs — б (to pick, to gather);
- 7th type: - and -'''ѝже''' verbs — м (to spread), бл'''ѝже''' (to lick). This type excludes the verb ''стрижа'' and its Derivatives , but includes ''вържа''/''върже'' (''вързах'') and its Derivatives — ''довържа, завържа, извържа, навържа, обвържа, овържа, отвържа, подвържа, позавържа, понавържа, попривържа, поразвържа, превържа, привържа, развържа, свържа, увържа'';
- 8th type. This type includes the verbs:
- --- ''лъ̀жа''/''лъ̀же'' (to tell a lie) and its Derivatives — ''залъжа, излъжа, подлъжа, полъжа, послъжа, прелъжа, прилъжа, самозалъжа, самоизлъжа, слъжа''.
- --- ''стрѝжа''/''стрѝже'' (to cut, to shear) and its Derivatives — ''изстрижа, настрижа, острижа, подстрижа, поострижа''.
- --- ''стъ̀ржа''/''стъ̀рже'' (to scrape) and its Derivatives — ''застържа, изстържа, настържа, остържа, поостържа, престържа''.
- 9th type: - verbs — дъ̀в (to chew).
- 10th type: - verbs — пѝ (to write).
- 11th type: - verbs — дѐб (to stalk).
- 12th type: - verbs — наѐ (to hire). This type consists solely of Perfective verbs and such verbs have no adverbial or present active participles and no verbal noun.
- 13th type: - and '''бе''' verbs — къ̀ (to bath), ску̀'''бе''' (to pluck).
- 14th type: - and '''у̀е''' verbs — п (to drink), ч'''у̀е''' (to hear).
- 15th type: - verbs:
- --- Sybtype A: verbs ending in a consonant different from , '''ч''' and '''ш''' + -'''ѐе''' — жи'''вѐе''';
- --- Subtype B: -, -'''чѐе''' and -'''шѐе''' verbs — възмъ (to grow into a man), закоп'''чѐе''' (to button), вър'''шѐе''' (to thresh).
- 16th type: - verbs. These verbs are a bit irregular because they are divided into two subtypes, but it's impossible to guess to which subtype a verb belongs (although the majority belongs to the first one):
- --- Subtype A: игра (to play);
- --- Subtype B: в (to sculpture, to chisel).
†Some of the verbs from this type form the past passive participle irregularly - with , instead of '''н''' (пя), others have double forms - нагря and нагря'''н'''.
††Verbs from types 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13 and 16 can form the verbal noun from the Imperfect Basis , form the Aorist Basis or from both (it's an inherent characteristic of each verb). Here is given the formation from the aorist basis, because it's more complex. Verbs from types 5, 9, 11, 14 and 15 can form the verbal noun only from the imperfect basis.
- 1st type: - verbs:
- --- Subtype A: verbs ending in a consonant different from , '''ч''', '''ш''' + -'''и''' — гово'''ри''' (to speak);
- --- Subtype B: -, -'''чи''' and -'''ши''' verbs — пър (to fry), у'''чи''' (to learn), вър'''ши''' (to do).
- 2nd type: verbs ending in a consonant different from , '''ч''', '''ш''' + -'''ѝ''', ending in -'''оѝ''' and ending in -'''аѝ'''. These verbs are divided into three groups, but the rules to witch of the first two groups a verb belongs aren't very strict, so these verbs are a bit irregular:
- --- Subtype A includes most Transitive Verb s, ending in a consonant different from , '''ч''', '''ш''' + -'''ѝ''', but there are some exceptions — де'''лѝ''' (to divide);
- --- Subtype B includes most Intransitive Verb s, ending in a consonant different from , '''ч''', '''ш''' + -'''ѝ''', but there are some exceptions — ле'''тѝ''' (to fly);
- --- Subtype C: - and -'''аѝ''' verbs — бр (to count), т'''аѝ''' (to conceal).
- 3rd type: -, -'''чѝ''' and -'''шѝ''' verbs. These verbs are divided into three groups, but the rules to witch of the first two groups a verb belongs aren't very strict, so these verbs are a bit irregular:
- --- Subtype A includes most Transitive Verb s, ending in - and -'''чѝ''', but there are some exceptions — уни (to humiliate), назна'''чѝ''' (to appoint);
- --- Subtype B includes most Intransitive Verb s, ending in - and -'''чѝ''', but there are some exceptions — принадле (to belong), мъл'''чѝ''' (to be silent);
- --- Subtype C: - verbs — ру (to destroy).
These verbs are completely regular and aren't divided into any types. They end in -: иск (to want) or in -'''я''': стрел'''я''' (to shoot).
- ''пребъда'' follows the same pattern.
- ''отща'', ''поща'' and ''прища'' follow the same pattern.
†"видя" is a perfective verb, only imperfective verbs have adverbial or present active participles and verbal nouns.
- ''завидя'', ''недовидя'', ''повидя'', ''понавидя'', ''привидя'' and ''провидя'' follow the same pattern.
- ''вям'', ''доизям'', ''доям'', ''заям'', ''изпоям'', ''изям'', ''надям'', ''наям'', ''недоям'', ''отям'', ''оям'', ''подям'', ''полуизям'', ''понаям'', ''попреям'', ''поям'', ''преям'', ''приям'', ''проям'', ''разям'' and ''самоизям'' follow the same pattern.
†"дам" is a perfective verb, only imperfective verbs have adverbial or present active participles and verbal nouns.
- ''вдам'', ''въздам'', ''възсъздам'', ''додам'', ''допредам'', ''задам'', ''издам'', ''изпродам'', ''наддам'', ''отдам'', ''подам'', ''поддам'', ''пораздам'', ''предам'', ''преиздам'', ''преподам'', ''препродам'', ''пресъздам'', ''продам'', ''раздам'', ''разпродам'', ''сдам'', ''създам'' and ''удам'' follow the same pattern.
†"спя" is an Intransitive Verb , so it can't have a Passive Participle
- ''доспя'', ''заспя'', ''наспя'', ''отспя'', ''позаспя'', ''поотспя'', ''поспя'', ''поуспя'', ''преспя'', ''приспя'', ''проспя'', ''успя'' follow the same pattern.
- ''приспя'', ''проспя'' and ''успя'' are Transitive and have past passive participles (''приспан'', ''проспан'', ''успан'').
†"дойда" is a perfective verb, only imperfective verbs have adverbial or present active participles and verbal nouns.
††"дойда" is an Intransitive Verb , so it can't have a Passive Participle .
- ''зайда'', ''надойда'', ''подойда'' and ''придойда'' follow the same pattern.
†"отида" is a perfective verb, only imperfective verbs have adverbial or present active participles and verbal nouns.
††"отида" is an Intransitive Verb , so it can't have a Passive Participle .
- ''поотида'' and ''разотида'' follow the same pattern.
†When "ида" means "to come", it is an imperfective verb and has adverbial and present active participles, but when it means "to go", it is a perfective verb and does not have such forms.
††"ида" is an Intransitive Verb , so it can't have a Passive Participle .
†"позная" is a perfective verb, only imperfective verbs have adverbial or present active participles and verbal nouns.
- ''запозная'', ''опозная'', ''поопозная'', ''припозная'', ''разпозная'' and ''узная'' follow the same pattern.
- ''врежа'', ''дорежа'', ''зарежа'', ''изпорежа'', ''изрежа'', ''надрежа'', ''нарежа'', ''обрежа'', ''орежа'', ''отрежа'', ''подрежа'', ''позарежа'', ''поизрежа'', ''понарежа'', ''поорежа'', ''поотрежа'', ''попрережа'', ''поразрежа'', ''порежа'', ''прережа'', ''прорежа'', ''разрежа'' and ''срежа'' follow the same pattern.
††"раста" is an Intransitive Verb , so it can't have a Passive Participle .
- ''враста'', ''дораста'', ''зараста'', ''израста'', ''надраста'', ''нараста'', ''обраста'', ''отраста'', ''подраста'', ''позараста'', ''поотраста'', ''попораста'', ''пораста'', ''прераста'', ''прираста'', ''прораста'', ''разраста'' and ''сраста'' follow the same pattern.
- ''въздържа'', ''задържа'', ''издържа'', ''позадържа'', ''придържа'', ''сдържа'' and ''удържа'' follow the same pattern.
†"стоя" is an Intransitive Verb , so it can't have a Passive Participle .
- ''достоя'', ''застоя'', ''изстоя'', ''настоя'', ''отстоя'', ''позастоя'', ''постоя'', ''предстоя'', ''престоя'', ''противостоя'', ''равноотстоя'', ''състоя'', ''удостоя'' and ''устоя'' follow the same pattern.
- ''втъка'', ''дотъка'', ''изтъка'', ''натъка'', ''поизтъка'', ''претъка'', and ''разтъка'' follow the same pattern.
- ''забележа'', ''набележа'' and ''отбележа'' follow the same pattern.
- ''задремя'', ''надремя'', ''одремя'', ''подремя'', ''позадремя'', ''предремя'', ''предремя'', and ''удремя'' follow the same pattern.
- ''закълна'', ''покълна̀'' and ''прокълна'' follow the same pattern.
- ''домеля'', ''замеля'', ''измеля'', ''намеля'', ''помеля'', ''посмеля'', ''премеля'' and ''смеля'' follow the same pattern.
- ''доколя'', ''заколя'', ''изколя'' and ''наколя'' follow the same pattern.
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