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BACKGROUND See Also: Banksia ser. Dryandra The dryandras are a group of Proteaceous shrubs endemic to southwest Western Australia . For nearly two hundred years they were considered a separate genus, having been published at that rank in 1810 by Robert Brown . In 2007 they were transferred into the genus '' Banksia '' as ''B.'' ser. ''Dryandra''. There are now nearly 100 species, plus numerous subspecies and varieties. BROWN'S 1810 ARRANGEMENT The genus ''Dryandra'' was first published by Brown in "On the natural order of plants called Proteaceae", which was read to the Linnean Society Of London in 1809, and published the following year in Volume X of Transactions Of The Linnean Society Of London . Brown listed 13 species, but did not attempt an infrageneric classification of them. Later that year, he republished his descriptions of ''Dryandra'' in his '' Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae Et Insulae Van Diemen ''.1 Brown's 1810 arrangement was as follows: :Genus ''Dryandra'' (now ''B.'' ser. ''Dryandra'' ) ::''D. floribunda'' (now '' B. sessilis '') ::''D. cuneata'' (now '' B. obovata '') ::''D. armata'' (now '' B. armata '') ::''D. falcata'' (now '' B. falcata '') ::''D. formosa'' (now '' B. formosa '') ::''D. mucronulata'' (now '' B. mucronulata '') ::''D. plumosa'' (now '' B. plumosa '') ::''D. obtusa'' (now '' B. obtusa '') ::''D. nivea'' (now '' B. nivea '') ::''D. longifolia'' (now '' B. prolata '') ::''D. tenuifolia'' (now '' B. tenuis '') ::''D. pteridifolia'' (now '' B. pterifolia '') ::''D. blechnifolia'' (now '' B. pellaeifolia '') BROWN'S 1830 ARRANGEMENT Twenty years later, Brown issued a supplement to his ''Prodromus'', entitled '' Supplementum Primum Prodromi Florae Novae Hollandiae ''. He added a further 11 species to ''Dryandra'', but transferred ''D. falcata'' into a new, monospecific genus as ''Hemiclidia Baxteri'', on the grounds that its follicles always contained only a single seed. The 23 remaining ''Dryandra'' species were divided into three sections, as follows:2 :Genus ''Dryandra'' ::"''Dryandra verae''" :::''D. floribunda'' :::''D. cuneata'' :::''D. armata'' :::''D. Serra'' (now '' B. serra '') :::''D. concinna'' (now '' B. concinna '') :::''D. foliolata'' (now '' B. foliolata '') :::''D. squarrosa'' (now '' B. squarrosa '') :::''D. formosa'' :::''D. mucronulata'' :::''D. Baxteri'' (now '' B. biterax '') :::''D. plumosa'' :::''D. obtusa'' :::''D. arctotidis'' (now '' B. arctotidis '') :::''D. nivea'' :::''D. Fraseri'' (now '' B. fraseri '') :::''D. longifolia'' :::''D. seneciifolia'' (now '' B. seneciifolia '') :::''D. tenuifolia'' ::Section ''Diplophragma'' :::''D. bipinnatifida'' (now '' B. bipinnatifida '') ::Section ''Aphragma'' :::''D. nervosa'' (now '' B. alliacea '') :::''D. callophylla'' (now '' B. calophylla '') :::''D. pteridifolia'' :::''D. blechnifolia'' :Genus ''Hemiclidia'' :::''H. Baxteri'' (now ''B. falcata'') LEGACY Brown's arrangement remained current until 1856, when Carl Meissner published His Arrangement . In the interim a number of new species were published, notably in John Lindley 's 1839 '' A Sketch Of The Vegetation Of The Swan River Colony '', and by Meissner in J. G. C. Lehmann 's 1845 '' Plantae Preissianae ''. However, the only significant change to Brown's classification was Stephan Endlicher 's 1847 publication of '' Eubanksia '' as a replacement name for Brown's ''Dryandra verae''.3 Meissner's 1856 arrangement maintained Brown's distinction between ''Dryandra'' and ''Hemiclidia'', and his three ''Dryandra'' sections, but further divided ''Eudryandra'' into eight series.45 George Bentham abandoned ''Hemiclidia'' in His 1870 Arrangement , placing ''D. falcata'' within ''D.'' ser. ''Armatae'' because . He also discarded ''D.'' sect. ''Diplophragma'', placing ''B. bipinnatifida'' in section ''Aphragma'', on the grounds that Thus of Brown's names, only ''Aphragma'' was still accepted. In 1996, Alex George published A New Arrangement . He revived the names ''Hemiclidia'' and ''Diplophragma'', but with somewhat different circumscriptions. Both were given subgeneric rank, and ''Eudryandra'' was replaced by the Autonym ic subgenus ''D.'' subg. ''Dryandra'' . ''Aphragma'' was retained, but demoted to series rank within subgenus ''Dryandra''.7 This arrangement was current until early 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred the entire ''Dryandra'' genus into '' Banksia '' on the grounds that ''Banksia'' was Paraphyletic with respect to ''Dryandra''. As Mast and Thiele were not yet ready to propose an infrageneric classification for their new circumscription of ''Banksia'', they transferred ''Dryandra'' into ''Banksia'' at series rank, so as to cause minimal disruption to the current arrangement of ''Banksia''. Thus the rich infrageneric classification of ''Dryandra'', including all of Brown's taxa, has been set aside, at least temporarily.8 REFERENCES SEE ALSO
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