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Broadcasting's governing body in the Soviet Union was the "USSR State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting", or USSR Gosteleradio (Государственный комитет по телевидению и радиовещанию СССР, Гостелерадио СССР), which was in charge both of Soviet TV and Soviet Radio . THE PROBLEM OF BROADCASTING IN THE SOVIET UNION Because of the Soviet Union's size, there were several problems to overcome. The first was geography; the European area of the Soviet Union was typical East European. Then there were the mountains such as the , Kyrgyz SSR (now Bishkek , Kyrgyzstan ). The population too was unevenly spread out, the overwhelming majority being west of the Urals. In addition, the Soviet Union also relayed their programming to other Warsaw Pact states. As a result, Soviet television and Soviet radio required ingenuity to overcome the aforementioned problems as well as to transmit programming to the Communist World . NB: Some of the information in this article is from the 1990 edition of the WRTH (World Radio and Television Handbook). Other information is from the Television In The Soviet Union and Radio In The Soviet Union articles. SOVIET STANDARDS became the voice of the Soviet government during World War II , when he read the most important news on radio.]] Broadcast radio Although the Soviet Union had domestic Shortwave stations, most of the radio stations operated in the AM Band . In typical Soviet fashion, neither the sites nor the frequencies of domestic AM or SW stations were ever disclosed, thus leaving Shortwave Listeners wanting to tune into Soviet radio to memorize the frequencies and remember where the sites were. However, the AM/SW programming was relayed on FM, using the OIRT FM Band (66-73 MHz). Television The Soviet Union used SECAM D ( VHF ) and K ( UHF ) (also known as CIS-SECAM ). The Soviet Union also used the OIRT VHF band (the "R" channels ranging from chs. R1 to R12) and the pan-European/African UHF band. RADIO SERVICES Home services There were three national radio channels. The first was the All-Union First Programme. This channel was one of the most adaptable radio channels in the Soviet radio system (see "Regional services" below). The second channel was called '''Radio Mayak'''. Mayak is Russian for "lighthouse", and thus is an All-union musical and literary channel designed to be the "lighthouse" of Soviet music and literature. The '''Third Programme''' also was a musical and literary channel, but mostly pop music. External services Most people who have listened to shortwave are familiar with Radio Moscow , the main Soviet shortwave radio station. However, that's only part of the picture. Soviet radio also had '''Radio Station Peace and Progress''', officially called the "Voice of Soviet Public Opinion". Most republics also had an external service, relayed by Radio Moscow's transmitters. Radio Moscow also relayed other radio stations from their satellite states, such as Radio Afghanistan . TELEVISION SERVICES |
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