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Information About

Belarusian Alphabet




  Type Alphabet
  Time 1918 to the present
  Languages Belarusian
  Fam1 Cyrillic Alphabet
  Sisters Belarusian Latin <br /> Belarusian Arabic <br /> Russian <br /> Ukrainian
  Unicode subset of Cyrillic (U+0400U+04F0)
  Iso15924 Cyrl, 220


The Belarusian alphabet is based on the Cyrillic Script and is derived from the alphabet of the Old Church Slavonic language. The alphabet exists in its modern form since 1918 and consists of thirty-two letters. See also Belarusian Latin Alphabet and Belarusian Arabic Alphabet .


LAYOUT


Notes
  • Additionally, the <’> (U+2019 Apostrophe sign, informal. ) is used to denote absence of Palatalisation . It's not considered a letter and is not to be taken into account when, e.g., sorting. In pre-Second World War printing, the apostrophe sign in the form of <‘> (U+2018, informal. ) had been used. In practical computer use, it is frequently substituted with <'> (U+0027 apostrophe sign).

  • The combination of letter <д> with letters <ж> or <з> may denote either ''two distinct respective sounds'' (e.g., in some prefix-root combinations: <пад-земны>, <а'''д-ж'''ыць>) or the Belarusian Affricates <дж> and <дз> (e.g., <па'''дз'''ея>, <'''дж'''ала>).

  • In some representations of the alphabet, the Belarusian affricates, denoted by digraphs <дж> and <дз>, are included in parentheses after the letter <д>, to emphasis their special status, like shown here: <... Дд (ДЖдж ДЗдз) Ее ...>.

  • The letter <ґ> ((Cyrillic) GHE WITH UPTURN) never belonged to any standard codification of the Belarusian alphabet. See also Ge With Upturn .



HISTORY


The alphabet of the Medieval Cyrillics (11th century) included forty-three letters. During the evolution of the Belarusian Alphabet, fifteen letters were dropped, the last four of them going after the introduction of the first official Belarusian grammar in 1918, and four new letters were added, thus producing the modern layout of thirty-two letters.

The new letters were:
  • Letter <э> ((CYRILLIC) EH) appeared in the Belarusian texts about the end of the 15th century.

  • Letter <й> ((CYRILLIC) SHORT I) evolved from <и> ((CYRILLIC) I) combined with diacritical sign by the end of the 16th century (compare: in Russian alphabet since 1735).

  • Letter <ё> ((CYRILLIC) IO) was adopted from Russian alphabet by the half of the 19th century (compare: in Russian alphabet since 1797).

  • Letter <ў> ((CYRILLIC) SHORT U) was proposed by Russian linguist P. A. Bessonov in 1870.


The Belarusian alphabet, in its modern form has formally existed since the adoption of the Branislaw Tarashkyevich 's Belarusian Grammar for the use in the Soviet state school system in 1918 Before that, several slightly different versions of the alphabet were used informally.

In the 1920s and, notably, at the Belarusian Academical Conference (1926) , miscellaneous changes of the Belarusian alphabet were being proposed. Notably, replacing <й> with <ј> ((CYRILLIC) JE), and/or replacing <е>, <ё>, <ю>, <я> with <је> (or else with <јє>), <јо>, <ју>, <ја>, respectively, and/or replacing <ы> with <и>, and/or introducing <ґ> (see also Ge With Upturn ), and/or introducing special graphemes/ligatures for affricates <дж>, <дз> etc. etc. Even the introducing of the Latin script was contemplated at one moment (e.g., proposal of Zhylunovich at the Belarusian Academical Conference (1926) ). None of this was implemented, though.

Notable Belarusian linguist Yan Stankyevich in his later works suggested completely different layout of the alphabet. (see also Belarusian Latin Alphabet , Ge With Upturn ):

Note: proper names and places' names are rendered in BGN/PCGN Romanization Of Belarusian .


REFERENCES


  • Да рэформы беларускай азбукі. // Працы акадэмічнае канферэнцыі па рэформе беларускага правапісу і азбукі. – Мн. : м. , 1927.

  • Ян Станкевіч. Які мае быць парадак літараў беларускае абэцады {Link without Title} // Ян Станкевіч. Збор твораў у двух тамах. Т. 2. - Мн.: Энцыклапедыкс, 2002. ISBN 985-6599-46-6

  • Б. Тарашкевіч. Беларуская граматыка для школ. - Вільня : Беларуская друкарня ім. Фр. Скарыны, 1929 ; Мн. : <Народная асвета>, 1991 {Link without Title} . - Выданьне пятае пераробленае і пашыранае.

  • Што трэба ведаць кожнаму беларусу. Выданне „Вольнае Беларусі“. - Менск : друк-ня А. Я. Грынблята, 1918 ; Менск : Беларускае коопэрацыйна-выдавецкае таварыства ″Адраджэньне″, 1991 - Зборнік артыкулау розных аутарау: М. Міцкевіча, Я. Лёсіка, В. Ластоўскаго, М. Багдановіча, Пётр[? з Арленят і інш.




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