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test pilot Lt. F.W. "Mike" Hunter wearing a Flight Suit . Image from the Office Of War Information , 1942.]] An aviator (also ''pilot'' or ''airman'') is a person who flies Aircraft , whether for pleasure or as a profession. The word is normally applied to pilots and flight instructors, but it can be applied more broadly, for example to include people such as Wing-walkers who regularly take part in an Aerobatic display sequence. In World War 2 the Royal Air Force employed blind pilots - the Non-Vis, or 'Bats' as they were usually known - who were some of the most sucessful pilots of the Battle of Britain. They navigated by using electromagnet pulses sent through their headsets and landed to the National Anthem. Frequently, if shot down, they were returned to the UK as being deemed by the enemy as not a threat. They didn't use guide dogs. The word aviatrix was used to refer to female aviators, reflecting the word's Latin root, but is now seldom used, even as a Gender-specific term. In civilian aeronautical usage, the word airman is synonymous with Seaman in nautical usage. In U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) usage, an airman is the holder of an Airman Certificate issued by its Airmen Certification Branch. HISTORY Louis Blériot made a brief flight in his Type V monoplane on April 5 , 1907 . The first certificate was delivered by the Aero Club de France to Louis Blériot in 1908, followed by Glenn Curtiss , Leon Delagrange and Robert Esnault-Pelterie . Sabiha Gökçen was the first Turkish female aviator and the first female combat pilot in the world. United Kingdom As of 2000 there were 31,885 private pilots and 16,449 airline and commercial pilots (ATPL and CPL) registered with the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) . Among private pilots, only 6% are female (approximately 1800). In commercial aviation this drops to only 2%. United States The has the highest number of pilots per capita; out of an estimated 663,661 residents there are 8,550 pilots, which is about 1:78. CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL AVIATION Pilots]] Civilian pilots fly privately for pleasure, charity, in pursuance of a business, for non-scheduled commercial air transport companies, or for airlines. Pilots that are employed by an airline are usually referred to as ''airline pilots'', with the pilot in command often referred to as the ''captain''. Commercial pilots are often responsible for duties including:
International In some countries (e.g. Israel, Pakistan, Thailand and several African countries), there is a strong relationship between the military and the principal national airlines, such that many or most airline pilots have a military background. This is no longer the case in the Western World ; whilst airline companies do employ many ex-military pilots, it is generally more common for employees to have spent all of their career as civilian pilots. This may well be due to an increasing number of airline training schools throughout the Anglosphere and indeed throughout the globe, and the fact that military training and flying commercially are fundamentally different in many ways. United States Legacy airlines such as s can be considerably less - according to the ''Bureau of Labor'', median annual earnings of commercial pilots were $53,870, with the middle 50 percent earning between $37,170 and $79,390. Pilots making very large salaries are typically senior airline captains, while pilots making very small salaries are generally low-seniority first officers. Based upon voluntary pilot reports, many US airline pay scales are listed here: [http://www.willflyforfood.cc/airlinepilotpay/ . Most airline pilots are unionised, with the Air Line Pilot's Association(ALPA) being the largest pilot labour union in the US. MILITARY Military pilots fly under Government contract for the defence of countries. Their tasks involve combat and non-combat operations, including direct hostile engagements and support operations. Military pilots undergo specialised training, often with Weapons operation and Air Combat Manoeuvring . Some military pilots are also civilian pilots. AVIATORS IN SPACE In Human Spaceflight , a pilot is someone who directly controls the operation of a Spacecraft while located within the same craft. This term derives directly from the usage of the word "pilot" in Aviation , where it is synonymous with "aviator." Note that on the US Space Shuttle , the term "pilot" is analogous to the term "co-pilot" in aviation, as the "commander" has ultimate responsibility for the shuttle. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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