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An automotive navigation system is a Satellite Navigation System designed for use in Automobiles . It typically uses GPS to acquire position data to locate the user on a Road in the unit's map Database . Using the road database, the unit can give directions to other locations along roads also in its database. Dead Reckoning using distance data from sensors attached to the Drivetrain and a Gyroscope can be used for greater reliability, as GPS signal loss and/or Multipath can occur due to Urban Canyon s or Tunnels . HISTORY Alpine claims they created the first automotive navigation system in 1981. . This Analog system used an Accelerometer to judge location, as the GPS system was not yet generally available. . Magellan, a GPS navigation system manufacturer, claims {Link without Title} to have created the first GPS-based vehicle navigation system in the U.S in 1995 VISUALIZATION software]] Navigation systems use a combination of:
ALTERNATIVES Mobile Phone s equipped with GPS capabilities may be used as an alternative to an automotive navigation system. One such example is marketed by Verizon Wireless in the United States , and is called " VZ Navigator ". The system uses GpsOne technology to determine a person's location, and then uses the mobile phone's digital connection to download maps and calculate automobile routes. Other similar systems are commercially available for most phones that can connect to an external GPS receiver (via Serial or Bluetooth ) or have an internal receiver (like the Siemens SXG75 ). CONTROVERSY Vehicles produced by Subaru and Lexus as well as parent company, Toyota , have a "feature" in their navigation systems that lock out many of the features when the vehicle is in motion. While the manufacturer claims that this is done for safety, many users have complained that passengers are not able to enter destinations while in motion even though it is safe to do so. Additionally, drivers have complained that it is often more dangerous to pull off a highway and stop than it would be to enter a destination into the system. ROAD DATABASE Contents The road database is a Vector Map of some area of interest. Street names or numbers and house numbers are encoded as Geographic Coordinate s so that the user can find some desired destination by street address. (see Map Database Management ) Points Of Interest ( Waypoint s) will also be stored with their geographic coordinates. Point of interest specially includes Speed Cameras , Fuel Station s, public Parking , and "parked here" (or "you parked here"). Contents can be produced by the user base as their cars drive along existing streets ( Wi-Fi ) and communicating via the internet, yielding a free and up to date map. Format Formats are uniformly proprietary; there is no industry standard for satellite navigation maps. The map vendors Tele Atlas and NAVTEQ create the base map in a standard format GDF but each electronics manufacturer compiles it in an optimised, and usually proprietary format. GDF is not a CD standard for car navigation systems. GDF is used and converted onto the CD-ROM in the internal format of the navigation system. CARiN CARiN is a proprietary navigation map format created by VDO/Dayton that is used in a number of navigation-equipped vehicles. The CARiN pseudo- Acronym stands for Car '''I'''nformation and '''N'''avigation. The original system uses CD-ROM -based maps, with ISO Level 1 encoding for their file system. Maps can be recognized by the presence of the following files on the CD:
Newer derivatives also use DVD-ROM -based maps for extra capacity, and add support for long file names. Older CARiN-compatible navigation computers are not able to read the newer DVD maps, but the DVD-enabled computers are still able to read the CD-based maps. Vehicle manufacturers using this format in one or more of their ranges include BMW , Rolls-Royce , Mini , Opel / Vauxhall , Ford , Rover , Peugeot and Renault . After-market GPS vendors using the format include Siemens VDO , Pioneer and Philips . CD-based CARiN maps are completely interchangeable between manufacturers, however differences in the more modern DVD maps are starting to change this. Point Of Interest information can be stored either in the database file itself (carindb), or in a separate database under a directory named 'TPD'. Encoding of GPS co-ordinates in the TPD folder is proprietary and varies between navigation computers (e.g. BMW 'HIGH' vs BMW 'Professional' editions of the navigation map). Editors are now available to customise these POI (see links below). CARiN media is sometimes referred to colloquially as "Carinet" or "CarinDb" after the names of the files on the navigation media. Navteq and TeleAtlas are the only two mapping companies currently producing maps in the CARiN format. S-Dal This is a proprietary CD-ROM -based map format created by Navteq . The applications and devices using this media are not known, even although its specifications are published on the Navteq website. Media The road database may be stored in Solid State Read-only Memory (ROM) , optical media ( CD or DVD ), solid state Flash Memory , magnetic media ( Hard Disk ), or a combination. A common scheme is to have a Base Map permanently stored in ROM which can be augmented with detailed information for a region the user is interested in. A ROM is always programmed at the factory; the other media may be preprogrammed, Download ed from a CD or DVD via a Computer or Wireless connection ( Bluetooth , Wi-Fi ) or directly used utilizing a Card Reader . TRAFFIC Some newer systems can not only give precise driving directions; they can also receive and display information on Traffic Congestion and suggest alternate routes. This may use either TMC , which delivers coded traffic information using radio RDS . Traffic information can also include:
PERSONAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Automotive navigation system can include a Personal Information Management for Meeting s, that can be combined with a traffic and public transport information system. IMAGE LOCATION INFORMATION Location information can be stored in a picture. See EXIF ( Exchangeable Image File Format ) and GPX . INTEGRATION AND CONNECTION
SMS Establishing point of interest in real-time and transmitting them via GSM cellular telephone networks using the Short Message Service ( SMS ) is referred to as Gps2sms . Some vehicles and vessels are equipped with hardware that is able to automatically send an SMS text message when a particular event happens, such as :
The receiving party (i.e. a Tow Truck ) can store the waypoint in a computer system, draw a map indicating the location or see it in an automotive navigation system. OTHER FUNCTIONS
MISDIRECTION A number of road accidents have been attributed to misdirection by satnav systems. On 11 May 2007 a driver followed satnav instructions in the dark and her car was hit by a train on a rail crossing that was not shown on the system. In Exton, Hampshire , local residents have erected signs warning drivers to ignore their satnav systems.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/england/hampshire/6375459.stm KITS An Automotive navigations systems kit generally includes:
EXAMPLE SYSTEMS
SEE ALSO
EXTERNAL LINKS
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