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Antonyms, from the Greek '' Anti '' ("opposite") and ''onoma'' ("name") are word pairs that are opposite in Meaning , such as '' Hot '' and '' Cold '', ''obese'' and ''skinny'', and ''up'' and ''down''. Words may have different antonyms, depending on the meaning. Both ''long'' and ''tall'' are antonyms of ''short''. Antonyms are of four types:
Though the word ''antonym'' was only coined by Philologist s in the 19th Century , such relationships are a fundamental part of a language, in contrast to Synonym s, which are a result of history and drawing of fine distinctions, or Homonym s, which are mostly Etymological accidents or coincidences. Languages often have ways of creating antonyms as an easy extension of lexicon. An example is the English prefixes ''in-'' and ''un-''. ''Unreal'' is the antonym of ''real'' and ''indocile'' is of ''docile''. Some planned languages abundantly use such devices to reduce vocabulary multiplication. Esperanto has ''mal-'' (compare ''bona'' = "good" and ''malbona'' = "bad"), Damin has ''kuri-'' (''tjitjuu'' "small", ''kuritjitjuu'' "large") and Newspeak has ''un-'' (as in ''ungood'', "bad"). Interlingua , a naturalistic planned language, also uses such prefixes to reduce vocabulary and ease learning: ''certe'' = "certain", ''incerte'' = "uncertain"; ''pare'' = "appear", ''dispare'' = "disappear". Interlingua also permits many antonym pairs: ''bon = "good", ''mal'' = "bad"; ''rapide'' = "fast", ''lente'' = "slow". ''To cleave'' is an English verb with two synonyms which are antonyms of each other: ''to separate'' and ''to adhere''. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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