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Anarchism has long had an association with the Arts , particularly in music and literature. It shares these traits with other radical political movements, such as Socialism , Communism , Liberalism / Libertarianism and even Fascism . Some of this art, like Punk Rock , would become partially co-opted by capitalist industry (a process called " Recuperation " by the Situationists ). The influence of anarchism is not always directly a matter of specific imagery or public figures, but may be seen in a certain stance towards the liberation of the total human being and the imagination. OVERVIEW Anarchism had a large influence on French Symbolism of the late 19th Century , such as that of Stéphane Mallarmé , who was quoted as saying "''Je ne sais pas d'autre bombe, qu'un livre.''" (I know of no bomb other than the book.) Its ideas infiltrated the cafes and cabarets of turn of the century Paris (see the Drunken Boat #2). More significantly, anarchists claim that 'strains' may be found in the works of the Dada group, whose anti- Bourgeois art antics saw them wreaking havoc in war neutral Switzerland during World War I , although it could be argued that the Dadaists were much closer to the Council Communists , having much of their material published in Die Aktion . Many American artists of the early 20th century were influenced by anarchist ideas, if they weren't anarchists themselves. The Ashcan School of American realism included anarchist artists, as well as artists such as Rockwell Kent and George Bellows that were influenced by anarchist ideas. Abstract expressionism also included anarchist artists such as Mark Rothko and painters such as Jackson Pollock , who had adopted radical ideas during his experience as a muralist for the Works Progress Administration . Pollock's father had also been a Wobbly . David Weir has argued in ''Anarchy and Culture'' that anarchism's only had some success in the sphere of cultural avant-gardism because of its failure as a political movement; cognizant of anarchism's claims to overcome the barrier between art and political activism, he nevertheless suggests that this is not achieved in reality. Weir suggests that for the "ideologue" it might be possible to adapt " Aesthetics to Politics " but that "from the perspective of the poet" a solution might be to "adapt the politics to the aesthetics". He identifies this latter strategy with anarchism, on account of its Individualism . Weir has also suggested that "the contemporary critical strategy of aestheticizing politics" among Marxists such as Fredric Jameson is a product of the demise of marxism as a State ideology. "The situation whereby ideology attempts to operate outside of politics has already pointed Marxism toward postmodernist culture, just as anarchism moved into the culture of modernism when it ceased to have political validity". In the late 20th century, anarchism and the arts could primarily be associated with the and Fifth Estate . The Living Theatre , a theatrical troupe headed by Judith Malina and Julian Beck , were outspoken about their anarchism, often incorporating anarchistic themes into their performances. In the 1990s, anarchists were involved in the Mail Art movement, which can be described as "art which uses the postal service in some way." This is related to the involvement of many anarchists in the Zine movement. And many contemporary anarchists are involved in making art in the form of flyposters, stencils, and radical puppets. SURREALISM
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