Alphabetic List Of Living Languages In Europe

Only living languages are listed - that is, languages that are spoken as a native tongue. The only exception to this rule is Latin , which is listed because it has official status in the Vatican .

Only indigenous languages are listed. So Hindi in the United Kingdom or Turkish in Germany are not rendered in this list.

The languages of the Roma (Gypsies) and Travellers are usually considered to be indigenous or at least listed as such, which is why they are rendered in this list.

Sign Language s are fully fledged forms of communication, with complex grammars and extensive lexicons, which is why sign languages are also included in this list.

Note that the given numbers of speakers (or users in the case of sign languages) only concern the named countries; speakers who live outside of Europe or who are not indigenous in the countries where they live (e.g. Italian speakers in the United Kingdom ) are not rendered.

Concerning the borders of Europe :

--- The generally accepted borders of , between Iceland and Greenland , in the Northwest; the Ural Mountains in the East; the Caucasus Mountains , the Black Sea , and the Bosporus in the Southeast; and the Mediterranean Sea and the Straits Of Gibraltar in the South.

This list diverts from those borders in the following cases:

--- Georgia , Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Cyprus geographically belong to Asia , but are often, for cultural reasons, considered a part of Europe . In this list they are treated as a part of Europe .

--- In the Southwest this list includes Ceuta and Melilla (the Spanish exclaves in Morocco ), as well as the Canary Islands , the Azores , and Madeira .

ALPHABETIC LIST OF LIVING, INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES IN EUROPE

A

Abaza (''Abaza'') - North Caucasian, Northwest Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 35,000 speakers

Abkhaz (''Absua'') - North Caucasian, Northwest Caucasian

--- and Georgian in the ''de facto'' independent republic of Abkhazia - 100,000 speakers

Aghul (''Agul'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 17,500 speakers

Akhvakh (''Axvax'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 3,500 speakers

Albanian (''Shqip'') - Indo-European, Illyrian

--- Albania : official language - 3,185,000 speakers

--- Bulgaria : minority language, not recognised - 2,500 speakers

--- Greece : minority language, not recognised - 150,000 speakers

--- Italy : minority language, not recognised - 280,000 speakers

--- - 1,485,000 speakers

--- Montenegro : minority language, recognised - 53,000 speakers

--- in West Macedonia - 620,000 speakers

--- Romania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers

--- Serbia : minority language, recognised - 63,000 speakers

--- Turkey : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 65,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

Albanian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Albania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 users

Andi (''Qwannab'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

Anglo-Romani (''Romanichal'') - Indo-European, Germanic (?)

--- United Kingdom : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 90,000 to 145,000 speakers

Aragonese (''Aragonés'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Spain : minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers

Archi (''Arči'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

Armenian (''Hayeren'') - Indo-European, Armenian

--- Armenia : official language - 3,235,000 speakers

--- Armenian is the official language) - 120,000 speakers

--- Bulgaria : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 27,000 speakers

--- Cyprus : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- Georgia : minority language, recognised - 448,000 speakers

--- Greece : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers

--- Hungary : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers

--- since the 18th Century (there still is a minority of 8,000 Armenians in Poland , but they speak Polish now)

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 532,000 speakers

--- Turkey : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 70,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, recognised - 65,000 speakers

Armenian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Armenia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 users

Aromanian (''Armâneashti'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Albania : minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 350,000)

--- Bulgaria : minority language, not recognised - 2,500 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 18,000)

--- Greece : minority language, not recognised - 200,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 700,000)

--- Republic Of Macedonia : minority language, recognised - 8,500 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 50,000)

--- Romania : minority language, not recognised - 120,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 150,000)

--- Serbia : minority language, not recognised - 54,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 40,000)

Asturian (''Asturianu'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Spain : minority language, recognised - 690,000 speakers

Austrian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Austria : non-territorial minority language, recognised since 2005 - 7,500 users

Avar (''Avar Mac’'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 44,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 556,000 speakers

Azerbaijani (''Azərbaycan'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- Azerbaijan : official language - 8,400,000 speakers

--- Georgia : minority language, recognised - 284,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 670,000 speakers

--- Turkey : minority language, not recognised - ~800,000 speakers

Bagvalal (''Kvanada'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

Balkan Romani (''Romani'') - Indo-European, Indo-Arian

--- Albania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Bosnia And Herzegovina : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- Bulgaria : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 188,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 549,000)

--- France : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,500 speakers

--- Germany : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 3,500 speakers

--- Greece : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 84,000)

--- Hungary : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 130,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 234,000)

--- Italy : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Kosovo : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 74,000 speakers

--- Moldova : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 12,000 speakers

--- Montenegro : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- Republic Of Macedonia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 25,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 43,000)

--- Romania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 100,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 245,000)

--- Serbia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers

--- Turkey : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 25,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

Balkar (''Balkarlar'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- and Kabardian in the autonomous republic of Kabardino-Balkaria - 85,000 speakers

Baltic Romani (''Romá'') - Indo-European, Indo-Arian

--- Belarus : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 22,500 speakers

--- Estonia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers

--- Latvia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 8,000 speakers

--- Lithuania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- Poland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 20,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 9,000 speakers

Barranquenho - Indo-European, Romance

--- Portugal - minority language, not recognised

Bashkir (''Başqort'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- in the autonomous republic of Bashkortostan - 972,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 1,375,000)

Basque (''Euskara'') - isolate

--- France : minority language, not recognised - 90,000 speakers

--- in the autonomous community of the Basque Country , and in 61 municipalities in the autonomous community of Navarre - 580,000 speakers

Bats (''Batsba Motjiti'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Georgia : minority language, not recognised - 3,400 speakers

Belgian-French Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Belgium : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 users

Belarusian (''Belaruskaja'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- - 7,878,000 speakers

--- Latvia : minority language, recognised - 105,000 speakers

--- Lithuania : minority language, recognised - 63,000 speakers

--- Poland : minority language, recognised - 230,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 1,210,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, recognised - 440,000 speakers

Bezhta (''Bežƛʼa'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

Bohtan (''Bohtan'') - Afro-Asiatic, Semitic

--- Georgia : minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 100 speakers

Bosnian (''Bosanski'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Albania : minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Bosnia And Herzegovina : official language - 1,810,000 speakers

--- Croatia : minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers

--- Kosovo : minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers

--- Montenegro : minority language, not recognised - 102,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- Serbia : minority language, not recognised - 134,000 speakers

--- Slovenia : minority language, not recognised - 26,000 speakers

--- Turkey : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 70,000 speakers

Botlikh (''Botlix'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

Breton (''Brezhoneg'') - Indo-European, Celtic

--- France : minority language, not recognised - 515,000 speakers

British Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- United Kingdom : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 40,000 users

Budukh (''Budux'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

Bulgarian (''Bălgarski'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Bulgaria : official language - 7,671,000 speakers

--- ), not recognised - 30,000 speakers

--- Hungary : minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 8,000)

--- Moldova : minority language, recognised - 262,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers

--- Serbia : minority language, recognised - 16,000 speakers

--- Turkey : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 270,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, recognised - 234,000 speakers

Bulgarian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Bulgaria : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 8,500 users

Cappadocian (''Kapadokiká'') - Indo-European, Greek

--- Greece : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but surely in the hundreds (long thought to be extinct)

Carpathian Romani (''Romungro'') - Indo-European, Indo-Arian

--- Czech Republic : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 100,000 speakers

--- Hungary : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- Poland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- Romania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Slovakia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 350,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

Catalan (''Català'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- - 31,000 speakers

--- France : minority language, not recognised - 102,000 speakers

--- Italy : minority language, not recognised - 17,000 speakers

--- in the autonomous communities of Catalonia , Valencia , and the Balearic Islands - 6,079,000 speakers

Catalonian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Andorra : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of users unknown, but very small

--- Spain : non-territorial minority language, not recognised- 18,000 users

Chamalal (''Čamalal'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

Champenois - Indo-European, Romance

--- France : minority language, not recognised -

--- Wallonia : minority language, recognised -

Chechen (''Noxçiyn Mott'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- in the autonomous republic of Chechnya - 957,000 speakers

Chuvash (''Čövaš Čəlχi'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- in the autonomous republic of Chuvashia - 1,640,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 1,804,000)

Circassian (''Adəgăbză'') - North Caucasian, Northwest Caucasian

--- is coofficial with Russian in the autonomous republic of Adygea ; the Circassian dialect Cherkess is coofficial with Russian and Karachay in the autonomous republic of Karachay-Cherkessia - 174,000 speakers

Cornish (''Kernewek'') - Indo-European, Celtic

--- United Kingdom : minority language, recognised - about 3,500 speakers

Corsican (''Corsu'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- France : minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 295,000)

--- Italy : minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers

Crimean Tatar (''Qırımtatar tili, Qırım tili'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- since the end of the 18th Century (there still is a minority of 5,000 Tatars in Belarus , but they speak Belarusian now)

--- Bulgaria : minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers

--- since the end of the 18th Century (there still is a minority of 4,000 Tatars in Lithuania , but they speak Lithuanian now)

--- since the end of the 18th Century (there still is a minority of 5,000 Tatars in Poland , but they speak Polish now)

--- Romania : minority language, recognised - 28,000 speakers

--- )

--- and Ukrainian in the autonomous republic of the Crimea - 272,000 speakers

Croatian (''Hrvatski'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Austria : minority language, recognised - 45,000 speakers

--- - 700,000 speakers

--- Croatia : official language - 3,750,000 speakers

--- Hungary : minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers

--- Italy : minority language, not recognised - 2,500 speakers

--- Montenegro : minority language, not recognised - 8,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, recognised - 15,000 speakers

--- Serbia : minority language, not recognised - 27,000 speakers

--- Slovakia : minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- Slovenia : minority language, not recognised - 54,000 speakers

Croatian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Croatia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 users

Cypriot Arabic (''Sanna'') - Afro-Asiatic, Semitic

--- Cyprus : minority language, recognised - 1,300 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 6,000, the so-called Cypriot Maronites)

Czech (''Česky'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Austria : minority language, recognised - 20,000 speakers

--- Bulgaria : minority language, not recognised - 9,000 speakers

--- Czech Republic : official language - 9,450,000 speakers

--- Poland : minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- Serbia : minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Slovakia : minority language, recognised - 50,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, not recognised - 21,000 speakers

Czecho-Slovakian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Czech Republic : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 9,500 users

--- Slovakia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 users

Danish (''Dansk'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Denmark : official language - 5,020,000 speakers

--- (though with a lower status) - 1,000 speakers

--- Germany : minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 45,000)

Danish Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Denmark : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 3,500 users

Dargwa (''Dargva'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 370,000 speakers

Dgèrnésiais - Indo-European, Romance

--- Guernsey : minority language, recognised - 6,000 speakers

Domari (''Domari'') - Indo-European, Indo-Arian

--- Turkey : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers

Dutch (''Nederlands'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- and German - 5,570,000 speakers

--- France : minority language, not recognised - 60,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 75,000)

--- Netherlands : official language - 16,300,000 speakers

Dutch Sign Language - deaf sign language (also known as Sign Language of the Netherlands)

--- Netherlands : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 15,000 users

English (''English'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Gibraltar : official language - 3,500 speakers

--- (though with a higher status) - 45,000 speakers

--- Ireland : secondary language - 3,451,000 speakers

--- Jersey : official language (with French), recognised - 89,000 speakers

--- - 2,500 speakers

--- (though with a higher status) - 75,000 speakers

--- United Kingdom : official language - 51,685,000 speakershttp://www.britannica.com/nations/United-Kingdom

Eonavian - Indo-European, Romance

--- Spain : minority language, not recognised

Erzya (''Eržaň Keľ'') - Uralic, Mordvinic

--- and Moksha in the autonomous republic of Mordovia - 413,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 570,000)

Esperanto (''Esperanto'') - artificial language (now spoken as a mother tongue)

--- France : minority language, not recognised - 200 to 2,000 speakers

Estonian (''Eesti'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- Estonia : official language - 1,036,000 speakers

--- Finland : minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers

--- Latvia : minority language, recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 53,000 speakers

Estonian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Estonia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,500 users

Fala (''Fala'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Spain : minority language, not recognised - 10,500 speakers

Faroese (''Føroyskt'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- (though with a higher status) - 44,000 speakers

Finnish (''Suomi'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- Estonia : minority language, recognised - 9,000 speakers

--- - 4,649,000 speakers

--- Norway : minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- , which is considered a Finnish dialect by the Russian government)

Finnish Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Finland : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 5,000 users

Flemish Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Belgium : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

Franco-Provençal (''Franco-Provençal'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- France : minority language, not recognised - 90,000 speakers

--- Italy : minority language, recognised - 91,000 speakers

--- Switzerland : minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers

French (''Français'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Andorra : minority language - 2,400 speakers

--- and German - 4,000,000 speakers

--- France : official language - 48,950,000 speakers

--- (though with a lower status) - about 6,000 speakers

--- in the autonomous Aosta Valley region - 44,000 speakers

--- - 15,000 speakers

--- and Luxembourgish - 13,000 speakers

--- Monaco : official language - 20,000 speakers

--- , Italian , and Romansh - 1,295,000 speakers

French Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- France : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 50,000 to 100,000 users

--- Monaco : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of users unknown, but very small

Frisian (''Frysk'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- in Fryslân - 360,000 to 700,000 speakers

Friulian (''Furlan'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Italy : minority language, some recognition - 547,000 speakers

Gagauz (''Gagauz'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- Bulgaria : minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers

--- Greece : minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- in the autonomous republic of Gagauzia - 169,000 speakers

--- Republic Of Macedonia : minority language, not recognised - 2,000 to 8,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, not recognised - 8,000 speakers

--- Turkey : minority language, not recognised - 9,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, recognised - 156,000 speakers

Galician (''Galego'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Portugal : minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers

--- in the autonomous community of Galicia - 2,095,000 speakers

Gallo - Indo-European, Romance

--- France : minority language, not recognised -

Georgian (''Kartuli'') - South Caucasian

--- Armenia : minority language, not recognised - 1,300 speakers

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, recognised - 14,000 speakers

--- Georgia : official language - 3,000,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 130,000 speakers

German (''Deutsch'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Austria : official language - 7,550,000 speakers

--- and Dutch - 86,000 speakers

--- Bulgaria : minority language, not recognised - 200 speakers

--- Croatia : minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Czech Republic : minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers

--- Denmark : minority language, recognised - 4,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 20,000)

--- Estonia : minority language, recognised - 1,500 speakers

--- France : minority language, some recognition - 1,300,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 1,880,000)

--- Germany : official language - 74,931,000 speakers

--- Hungary : minority language, recognised - 250,000 speakers

--- and Ladin in the autonomous region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol - 322,000 speakers

--- Latvia : minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Liechtenstein : official language - 30,000 speakers

--- Lithuania : minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- and Luxembourgish - 9,000 speakers

--- Moldova : minority language, not recognised - 3,800 speakers

--- Poland : minority language, some recognition - 500,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, recognised - 28,000 speakers

--- )

--- Serbia : minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Slovakia : minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers

--- Slovenia : minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers

--- , Italian , and Romansh - 4,441,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, not recognised - 38,500 speakers

German Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Germany : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 50,000 users

Ghodoberi (''Ğodoberi'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

Greek (''Élliniká '') - Indo-European, Greek

--- Albania : minority language, recognised - 65,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 175,000)

--- Bulgaria : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 11,000 speakers

--- - 762,000 speakers ( see )

--- since 1982 (there still is a minority of 1,000 Greeks on Corsica , but they speak French and Corsican now)

--- Germany : minority language, recognised - 372,000 speakers

--- Greece : official language - 10,552,000 speakers ( see )

--- Hungary : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers

--- Italy : minority language, not recognised - 22,500 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 30,000)

--- Romania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Turkey : minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 6,000)

Greek Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Greece : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 43,000 users

Gruzinic (''Kivruli'') - South Caucasian

--- Georgia : minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers

Gutnish (''Gutnisko'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Sweden : minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

Hinukh (''Hinux'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 200 speakers

Hungarian (''Magyar'') - Uralic, Ugric

--- Austria : minority language, recognised - 70,000 speakers

--- Croatia : minority language, recognised - 20,000 speakers

--- Hungary : official language - 10,100,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, recognised - 2,000,000 speakers

--- in the province of Vojvodina - 286,000 speakers

--- Slovakia : minority language, recognised - 600,000 speakers

--- Slovenia : minority language, recognised, official language in areas with Hungarian majority - 9,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, recognised - 187,000 speakers

Hungarian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Hungary : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 60,000 users

Hunzib (''Gunzib'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

Iberian Romani (''Caló'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- France : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 to 20,000 speakers

--- Portugal : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Spain : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 65,000 to 170,000 speakers

Icelandic (''Íslenskur'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Iceland : official language - 265,000 speakers

Icelandic Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Iceland : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 300 users

Ingrian (''Inkerin Kieli'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- Estonia : minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 27,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 47,000)

Ingush (''Ğalğaj'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- in the autonomous republic of Ingushetia - 238,000 speakers

Irish (''Gaeilge'') - Indo-European, Celtic

--- The Republic Of Ireland : first official language of Ireland - 1,650,000 speakers

--- - 165,000 speakers

--- United Kingdom : minority language, recognised - 18,000 speakers

--- United States : minority language, recognised - 26,000 speakers

--- Canada : minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- France : minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers.

--- Australia : minority language, partially recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- Iceland : minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers

Irish Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Ireland : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 3,300 users

--- Iceland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 400 users

Istriot (''Istriot'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Croatia : minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

Istro-Romanian (''Vlăşeşte'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Croatia : minority language, not recognised - 500 to 1,000 speakers

Italian (''Italiano'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Croatia : minority language, recognised - 30,000 speakers

--- France : minority language, not recognised - 95,000 speakers

--- Italy : official language - 55,133,000 speakers

--- San Marino : official language - 24,500 speakers

--- Slovenia : minority language, recognised - 4,000 speakers

--- , French , and Romansh - 525,000 speakers

--- (though with a higher status) - 500 speakers

Italian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Italy : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 55,000 users

--- San Marino : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of users unknown, but very small

Italkian (''Italkian'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Italy : non-territorial minority language, hast útstoarn, not recognised - minder as 100 speakers

Izhorian (''Ižoran Keeli'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- )

Jakati (''Jakati'') - Indo-European, Indo-Arian

--- Russian Federation : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 60,000 speakers

Jèrriais - Indo-European, Romance

--- Jersey : minority language, recognised - 3,000 speakers

Juhuri (''Juhuri'') - Indo-European, Iranian

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 24,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 7,000 speakers

Kabardian (''K’èbèrdeibzè'') - North Caucasian, Northwest Caucasian

--- and Balkar in the autonomous republic of Kabardino-Balkaria - 385,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 397,000)

Kalmyk (''Qalmaq'') - Altaic, Mongolian

--- in the autonomous republic of Kalmykia - 162,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 174,000)

Kalo Finnish Romani (''Fíntikka Rómma'') - Indo-European, Indo-Arian

--- Finland : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 6,000 speakers

--- Sweden : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers

Karachay (''Qaraçay'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- and Cherkess dialect of Circassian in the autonomous republic of Karachay-Cherkessia - 159,000 speakers

Karaim (''Qaray'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- )

--- (there still is a minority of 200 Karaites in Poland , but they speak Polish now)

--- (there still is a minority of 500 Karaites in Russia , but they speak Russian now)

--- )

Karata (''Kirdi'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

Karelian (''Karjalan Kielii'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- Finland : minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- in the autonomous republic of Karelia - 35,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 57,000)

Kashubian (''Kaszëbski'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Poland : minority language, not recognised - 3,500 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 200,000)

Khalaj (''Khalaj'') - Indo-European, Iranian

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

Khinalug (''Xinalug'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers

Khwarshi (''Xwarš'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

Komi (''Komi Kyv'') - Uralic, Permic

--- in the autonomous republic of Komi - 262,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 342,000)

Komi-Permyak (''Komi-Permjacköj'') - Uralic, Permic

--- in Komi-Permyak Okrug - 116,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 151,000)

Krymchak (''Qırımçaklar'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 250 speakers

Kryts (''Kryz'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- )

Kumyk (''Kumuklar'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 282,000 speakers

Kurdish (''Kurmanji'') - Indo-European, Iranian

--- Armenia : minority language, recognised - 58,000 speakers

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers

Ladin (''Ladin'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Italy : minority language, recognised - 30,000 speakers

Ladino (''Sefardí'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- , not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small

--- , not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small

--- Bulgaria : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Greece : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers

--- , not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small

--- , not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small

--- , not recognised - probably no speakers remaining

--- , not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small

--- Turkey : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 8,000 speakers

Lak (''Lakku Maz'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 120,000 speakers

Latin (''Lingua Latina'') - Indo-European, Italic

--- (though with a lower status) - no native speakers

Latvian (''Latviešu'') - Indo-European, Baltic

--- Belarus : minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Estonia : minority language, recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- Latvia : official language - 1,400,000 speakers

--- Lithuania : minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 29,000 speakers

Latvian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Latvia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,500 users

Lezgi (''Lezgi Č’al'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 171,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 257,000 speakers

Limburgish (''Limburgs'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Belgium : minority language, not recognised - 585,000 speakers

--- Netherlands : minority language, recognised - 830,000 speakers

Lithuanian (''Lietuviškai'') - Indo-European, Baltic

--- Belarus : minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- Latvia : minority language, recognised - 35,000 speakers

--- Lithuania : official language - 2,965,000 speakers

--- Poland : minority language, recognised - 30,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 70,000 speakers

Lithuanian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Lithuania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,500 users

Livonian (''Līvõ Kēļ'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- )

Livvi (''Livvi'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- Finland : minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 70,000)

Lomavren (''Boša'') - Indo-European, Armenian

--- Armenia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers

--- Azerbaijan : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

Lorrain Language - Indo-European, Romance

--- France : minority language, not recognised -

--- Wallonia : minority language, recognised (as ''Gaumais'') -

Low Saxon (''Low German'', ''Nedersassies'', ''Plattdüütsch'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Denmark : minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers

--- Germany : minority language, not recognised - 10,000,000 speakers

--- Netherlands : minority language, recognised - 1,566,000 speakers

--- Poland : minority language, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, at most a few thousands

Ludic (''Lyydi'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 18,000)

Luxembourgish (''Lëtzebuergesch'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Belgium : minority language, some recognition - 24,000 speakers

--- France : minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers

--- Germany : minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- and German - 309,000 speakers

Lyons Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- France : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 users

Macedonian (''Makedonski'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Albania : minority language, recognised - 30,000 speakers

--- Bulgaria : minority language, not recognised - 230,000 speakers

--- Greece : minority language, not recognised - 105,000 speakers

--- Hungary : minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers

--- Republic Of Macedonia : official language - 1,194,000 speakers

--- Serbia : minority language, not recognised - 14,000 speakers

Maghrebi Arabic (''Maghribi'') - Afro-Asiatic, Semitic

--- Spain : minority language, not recognised - 26,000 speakers

Maltese (''Malti'') - Afro-Asiatic, Semitic

--- - 365,000 speakers

Maltese Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Malta : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 350 users

Manx (''Gaelg'') - Indo-European, Celtic

--- (though with a lower status) - 27 speakers (data from 2001 )

Mari (''Marij Jəlme'') - Uralic, Cheremissic

--- in the autonomous republic of Mari El - 594,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 661,000)

Megleno-Romanian (''Vlaheshte'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Greece : minority language, not recognised - 12,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 15,000)

--- Republic Of Macedonia : minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, not recognised - 1,200 speakers

Megrelian (''Margaluri'') - South Caucasian

--- Georgia : minority language, not recognised - 500,000 speakers

Mirandese (''Mirandes'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- in the municipality of Miranda Do Douro - 15,000 speakers

Moksha (''Mokšaň Käľ'') - Uralic, Mordvinic

--- and Erzya in the autonomous republic of Mordovia - 372,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 513,000 )

Moldovan (''Moldovenească'') - Indo-European, Romance (generally considered to be Romanian )

--- Moldova : official language - 2,520,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, recognised - 250,000 speakers

Monastic Sign Language - auxiliary sign language

--- Vatican City : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of users unknown

Monégasque (''Munegasc'') - Indo-European, Romance (actually a dialect of Italian )

--- Monaco : semi-official language - 5,700 speakers

Montenegrin (''Crnogorski'') - Indo-European, Slavic

Serbian

--- Montenegro : colloquial language, not official

Nenets (''Njenjocja Vada'') - Uralic, Samoyedic

--- in Nenets , Yamalo-Nenets , and Taymyr Autonomous Okrug s - 26,300 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 35,000, including Siberia )

Nogai (''Nogaylar'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 68,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 76,000)

Norman - Indo-European, Romance

--- France : minority language, not recognised -

Northern Ireland Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- United Kingdom : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,400 users

North Frisian (''Friisk'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Germany : minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 62,000)

Norwegian (''Norsk'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Norway : official language - 4,100,000 speakers

--- Sweden : minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers

Norwegian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Norway : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 4,000 users

Occitan (''Occitan'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- France : minority language, not recognised - 1,500,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 6,750,000)

--- Italy : minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 100,000)

--- Monaco : minority language, not recognised - 4,500 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 6,000)

--- and Catalan in the ''comarca'' Val D'Aran - 3,400 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 5,500)

Ossetic (''Iron Avžag'') - Indo-European, Iranian

--- and Georgian in the ''de facto'' independent republic of South Ossetia - 164,000 speakers

--- in the autonomous republic of North Ossetia - 407,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 472,000)

Palityan (''Palitjanski'') - Indo-European, Slavic (possibly a dialect of Bulgarian )

--- Romania : minority language, recognised - 12,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 25,000)

Picard - Indo-European, Romance

--- France : minority language, not recognised -

Poitevin-Saintongeais - Indo-European, Romance

--- France : minority language, not recognised -

Polari (''Polari'') - unclassified (probably only spoken as a second language)

--- United Kingdom : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of speakers unknown

Polish (''Polski'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Belarus : minority language, recognised - 413,000 speakers

--- Czech Republic : minority language, recognised - 50,000 speakers

--- Hungary : minority language, not recognised - 21,000 speakers

--- Ireland : minority language, pending recognition - 4,000-100,000 speakers (est)

--- Lithuania : minority language, recognised - 255,000 speakers

--- Latvia : minority language, recognised - 57,000 speakers

--- Poland : official language - 35,370,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 94,000 speakers

--- Slovakia : minority language, recognised - 50,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, recognised - 1,200,000 speakers

Polish Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Poland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers

Pontic (''Pontiaká'') - Indo-European, Greek

--- Armenia : minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 300 speakers

--- Georgia : minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers

--- Greece : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 325,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 65,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

Portuguese (''Português'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Portugal : official language - 9,563,000 speakers

--- Spain : minority language, not recognised - 3,600 speakers

Portuguese Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Portugal : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 8,000 users

Quinqui (''Quinqui'') - unclassified

--- Spain : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers

Rifi (''Tr̂ifect'') - Afro-Asiatic, Berber

--- Spain : minority language, not recognised - 23,000 speakers

Romanian (''Română'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Bulgaria : minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers

--- Hungary : minority language, recognised - 100,000 speakers

--- )

--- Romania : official language - 19,988,000 speakers

--- Serbia : minority language, recognised - 34,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, recognised - 400,000 speakers

Romanian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Romania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 22,000 users

Romano-Greek (''Romani'') - Indo-European, Greek (?)

--- Greece : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

Romano-Serbian (''Romani'') - Indo-European, Slavic (?)

--- Serbia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers

Romansh (''Rumantsch'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- , French , and Italian - 35,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 72,000)

Russian (''Russki'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Armenia : minority language, recognised - 14,660 speakers

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, recognised - 141,000 speakers

--- - 1,129,000 speakers

--- Bulgaria : minority language, not recognised - 18,000 speakers

--- Estonia : minority language, recognised - 413,000 speakers

--- Finland : minority language, recognised - 3,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 5,000, the so-called 'Old Russians' - not counting the 'New Russians', or new immigrants)

--- and Abkhaz in the ''de facto'' independent republic of Abkhazia ; coofficial with Georgian and Ossetic in the ''de facto'' independent republic of South Ossetia - 372,000 speakers

--- Latvia : minority language, recognised - 862,000 speakers

--- Lithuania : minority language, recognised - 344,000 speakers

--- and Ukrainian in the ''de facto'' independent republic of Transnistria - 572,000 speakers

--- Poland : minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : official language - 117,270,000 speakers

--- and Crimean Tatar in the autonomous republic of fan the Crimea - 11,335,000 speakers

Russian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Armenia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of users unknown, but very small

--- Azerbaijan : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 users

--- Belarus : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 9,400 users

--- Bulgaria : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of users unknown, but small

--- Estonia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 450 users

--- Georgia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 users

--- Latvia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 users

--- Lithuania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 350 users

--- Moldova : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,800 users

--- Russian Federation : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 140,000 users

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 11,000 users

Ruthenian (''Rusyn'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Croatia : minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Hungary : minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- Poland : minority language, not recognised - 65,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers

--- Serbia : minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers

--- Slovakia : minority language, recognised - 128,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, not recognised - 720,000 speakers

Rutul (''Rutul'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 20,000 speakers

Sami (''Sámegiella'') - Uralic, Samic

--- in 3 municipalities (though with a lower status) - 2,550 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 4,700)

--- in 6 municipalities - 16,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 43,000)

--- Sweden : minority language, recognised - 5,900 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 15,000)

--- )

Sardinian (''Sardu'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Italy : minority language, not recognised - 1,300,000 speakers

Sater Frisian (''Seeltersk'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Germany : minority language, recognised - 2,250 speakers

Scanian (''Skånsk'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Denmark : minority language, not recognised - 8,000 speakers

--- Sweden : minority language, not recognised - 80,000 speakers

Scots (''Scots'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Ireland : minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- United Kingdom : minority language, recognised - 1,530,000 speakers

Scottish Gaelic (''Gàidhlig'') - Indo-European, Celtic

--- in the autonomous Western Isles - 59,000 speakers

Serbian (''Srpski'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Albania : minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- Bosnia And Herzegovina : official language, recognised - 1,440,000 speakers

--- Bulgaria : minority language, not recognised - 9,000 speakers

--- Croatia : minority language, recognised - 410,000 speakers

--- Hungary : minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- - 169,000 speakers

--- Montenegro : official language - 395,000 speakers

--- Republic Of Macedonia : minority language, recognised - 44,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, recognised - 65,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Germany : minority language, not recognised - 750,000

--- Switzerland : minority language, not recognised - 200,000

--- Austria : minority language, not recognised - 340,000

--- Serbia : official language - 6,655,000 speakers

--- Slovenia : minority language, not recognised - 50,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

Shelta (''Sheldru'') - Indo-European, Celtic (?)

--- Ireland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 6,000 speakers

--- United Kingdom : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers

Sinte (''Sinti'') - Indo-European, Indo-Arian

--- Austria : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers

--- Belarus : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Croatia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 25,000 speakers

--- Czech Republic : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers

--- France : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers

--- Germany : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 30,500 speakers

--- Hungary : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- Italy : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 14,000 speakers

--- Kosovo : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 11,000 speakers

--- Netherlands : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Poland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Serbia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers

--- Slovenia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,500 speakers

--- Switzerland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 21,000 speakers

Slovak (''Slovenski'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Austria : minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Croatia : minority language, recognised - 4,000 speakers

--- Czech Republic : minority language, recognised - 300,000 speakers

--- Hungary : minority language, recognised - 12,000 speakers

--- Poland : minority language, recognised - 38,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, recognised - 34,000 speakers

--- Serbia : minority language, recognised - 57,000 speakers

--- Slovakia : official language - 3,990,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, recognised - 12,000 speakers

Slovenian (''Slovensčina'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Austria : minority language, recognised - 48,000 speakers

--- Croatia : minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers

--- Hungary : minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Italy : minority language, recognised - 100,000 speakers

--- Slovenia : official language - 1,834,000 speakers

Sorbian (''Serbski'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Germany : minority language, recognised - 69,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 205,000)

Spanish (''Español'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Andorra : minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers

--- Gibraltar : minority language, not recognised - 24,500 speakers

--- Spain : official language - 28,145,000 speakers

Spanish Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Spain : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 users

Svan (''Lushnu'') - South Caucasian

--- Georgia : minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers

Swedish (''Svenska'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Estonia : minority language, recognised - 800 speakers

--- - 295,000 speakers

--- Sweden : official language - 7,658,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers

Swedish Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Sweden : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 8,000 users

Swiss-French Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Switzerland : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 1,000 users

Swiss-German Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Switzerland : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 6,000 users

Swiss-Italian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Switzerland : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 200 users

Tabasaran (''Tabasaran Ĉ̣al'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 96,000 speakers

Taleshi (''Talysh'') - Indo-European, Iranian

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 70,000 to 800,000 speakers

Tat (''Tat'') - Indo-European, Iranian

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 11,000 speakers

Tatar (''Tatarça'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers

--- Estonia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Finland : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 900 speakers

--- in the autonomous republic of Tatarstan - 6,143,000 speakers (including 5,361,000 ethnic Tatars )

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 91,000 speakers

Tavringer Romani (''Rommani'') - Indo-European, Germanic (?)

--- Norway : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 6,000 speakers

--- Sweden : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 25,000 speakers

Tindi (''Tindal'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 6,700 speakers

Traveller Danish (''Rotwelsch'') - Indo-European, Germanic (?)

--- Denmark : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 15,000 to 20,000)

Traveller Norwegian (''Rodi'') - Indo-European, Germanic (?)

--- Norway : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers

Traveller Scottish (''Cant'') - unclassified

--- United Kingdom : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers

Tsakhur (''Caxur'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 13,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 7,000 speakers

Tsakonian (''Tsakōniká'') - Indo-European, Greek

--- )

Tsez (''Cez mec'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers

Turkish (''Türkçe'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- Bosnia And Herzegovina : minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Bulgaria : minority language, recognised - 765,000 speakers

--- (the only official language in the ''de facto'' independent Turkish Republic Of North Cyprus ) - 183,000 speakers

--- Georgia : minority language, not recognised - 25,000 speakers

--- Greece : minority language, not recognised - 150,000 speakers

--- Kosovo : minority language, recognised - 11,000 speakers

--- Republic Of Macedonia : minority language, recognised - 200,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, recognised - 150,000 speakers

--- Serbia : minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- Turkey : official language - 70,000,000 speakers

Turkish Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Turkey : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 70,000 users

Turkmen (''Türkmen'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- , north of the Caucasus Mountains )

Tver Karelian (''Karjalan Kieli'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 31,000)

Udi (''Udi'') - North Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian

--- Azerbaijan : minority language, not recognised - 5,700 speakers

Udmurt (''Udmurt Kyl'') - Uralic, Permic

--- in the autonomous republic of Udmurtia - 550,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 728,000)

Ukrainian (''Ukrayins’ka'') - Indo-European, Slavic

--- Belarus : minority language, recognised - 291,000 speakers

--- Hungary : minority language, recognised - 300,000 speakers

--- and Moldovan in the ''de facto'' independent republic of Transnistria - 595,000 speakers

--- Poland : minority language, recognised - 1,500,000 speakers

--- Romania : minority language, recognised - 67,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 4,365,000 speakers

--- Serbia : minority language, recognised - 23,000 speakers

--- Slovakia : minority language, recognised - 100,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : official language - 35,900,000 speakers

Ukrainian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 35,000 users

Urum (''Urum'') - Altaic, Turkic

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

Valencian Sign Language (''Llengua de Signes en la Comunitat Valenciana'') - Signed language.

--- , legally granted - About 10,000 speakers (mostly as deaf persons)

Veps (''Vepsän Keľ'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- Russian Federation : minority language, recognised - 7,200 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 14,000)

Veneto (''Vèneto'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Italy : minority language, recognised - 2.000.000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 4.400.00)

--- Slovenia : minority language, not recognised - 2.000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of ?)

--- Croatia : minority language, not recognised - ? speakers (out of an ethnic population of ?)

Vlakh Romani (''Romanés'') - Indo-European, Indo-Arian

--- Albania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 60,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 75,000)

--- Belgium : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers

--- Bosnia And Herzegovina : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 40,000 speakers

--- Bulgaria : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers

--- France : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- Germany : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 6,500 speakers

--- Greece : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Hungary : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 to 20,000 speakers

--- Italy : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers

--- Moldova : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Netherlands : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Norway : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 500 speakers

--- Poland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Portugal : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers

--- Romania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 200,000 to 250,000 speakers (out of an ethnic population of 1,250,000)

--- Russian Federation : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Serbia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 22,000 speakers

--- Slovakia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 speakers

--- Sweden : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 1,500 speakers

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

--- United Kingdom : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

Võro-Seto (''Võro-Seto'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- Estonia : minority language, some recognition - 74,000 speakers

--- Russian Federation : minority language, not recognised - 3,000 speakers

Votic (''Vaďďā Tšēli'') - Uralic, Balto-Finnic

--- )

Walloon (''Wallon'') - Indo-European, Romance

--- Belgium : minority language, some recognition - 823,000 speakers

--- France : minority language, not recognised - 2,000,000 speakers

Welsh (''Cymraeg'') - Indo-European, Celtic

--- in Wales - 610,000 speakers

Welsh Romani (''Romma'') - Indo-European, Indo-Arian

--- United Kingdom : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers

West Frisian (''Frysk'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- in the province of Friesland - 500,000 speakers

Wymysorys (''Wymysöryś'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- )

Yeniche (''Yeniche'') - Indo-European, Germanic (?)

--- Austria : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 80,000 to 100,000 speakers

--- France : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 to 33,000 speakers

--- Germany : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 180,000 to 245,000 speakers

--- Netherlands : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Switzerland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 90,000 to 120,000 speakers

Yiddish (''Jiddisj'') - Indo-European, Germanic

--- Armenia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Austria : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,000 speakers

--- Azerbaijan : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 7,000 speakers

--- Belarus : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 112,000 speakers

--- Belgium : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers

--- , not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small

--- Czech Republic : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Denmark : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Estonia : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 500 speakers

--- Finland : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 500 speakers

--- France : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 120,000 speakers

--- Georgia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Germany : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 10,000 speakers

--- Hungary : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers

--- Ireland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small

--- Latvia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 20,000 speakers

--- Lithuania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Luxembourg : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small

--- Moldova : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 22,000 speakers

--- Netherlands : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 2,000 speakers

--- Norway : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 400 speakers

--- Poland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,500 speakers

--- Romania : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 15,000 speakers

--- in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast - 245,000 speakers (including Siberia )

--- Slovakia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 750 speakers

--- , not recognised - number of speakers unknown, but very small

--- Sweden : non-territorial minority language, recognised - 5,000 speakers

--- Switzerland : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 speakers

--- Ukraine : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 200,000 speakers

--- United Kingdom : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 30,000 speakers

Yugoslavian Sign Language - deaf sign language

--- Bosnia And Herzegovina : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 4,000 users

--- Croatia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 500 users

--- Kosovo : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,600 users

--- Montenegro : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 600 users

--- Republic Of Macedonia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 1,800 users

--- Serbia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 10,000 users

--- Slovenia : non-territorial minority language, not recognised - 2,000 users

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	CATEGORIES ABOUT ALPHABETIC LIST OF LIVING LANGUAGES IN EUROPE

	languages of europe

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Alphabetic List Of Living Languages In Europe