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Acrylonitrile
 

Information About

Acrylonitrile




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  IUPACName Acrylonitrile
  SystematicName 2-propenenitrile
  OtherNames cyanoethene,<br/> Vinyl Cyanide
  Section1 {{Chembox Identifiers
  CASNo 107-13-1
  SMILES C=CC#N


  Section2 {{Chembox Properties
  Formula C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N
  MolarMass 531 g/mol
  Appearance Colourless liquid
  Density 081 g/cm3
  MeltingPt -84 °C (189 K )
  BoilingPt 77 °C (350 K )
  Solubility 7 G /100 ML at 20 °C
  Solvent Ethanol , Diethyl Ether ,<br/> Chloroform


  Section3 {{Chembox Structure


  Section4 {{Chembox Thermochemistry


  Section5 {{Chembox Pharmacology


  Section6 {{Chembox Explosive


  Section7 {{Chembox Hazards
  MainHazards Flammable ,<br/>reactive,<br/> toxic


  Section8 {{Chembox Related




Acrylonitrile is the Chemical Compound with the formula CH2CHCN. This pungent-smelling colorless liquid often appears yellow due to impurities. It is an important Monomer for the manufacture of useful Plastic s. In terms of its molecular structure, it consists of a Vinyl group linked to a Nitrile .


USES

Acrylonitrile is used principally as a for well-known Carbon-fiber . It is also a component of Synthetic Rubber . Dimerization of acrylonitrile affords adiponitrile, used in the synthesis of certain Nylon s. Small amounts are also used as a Fumigant . Acrylonitrile and derivatives such as 2-chloro-acrylonitrile are Dienophile s in Diels-Alder Reaction s. Acrylonitrile is also a precursor in the industrial manufacture of acrylamide and acrylic acid.


PRODUCTION

Acrylonitrile is probably the nitrile manufactured on the largest scale. Most industrial acrylonitrile is produced through the Sohio process, the Catalytic ammoxidation of Propylene :
:2CH3-CH=CH2 + 2 NH3 + 3 O2 → 2CH2=CH-C≡N + 6 H2O
World annual production in 2001 was 4 million Tonne s and in 2005 6 million tonnes, with just under half of that coming from the United States . In 1996 the Sohio acrylonitrile process was designated an ACS National Historical Chemical Landmark in recognition of the innovative single-step method of production that made acrylonitrile available for chemical manufacturing worldwide. {Link without Title}


SAFETY

Acrylonitrile is highly flammable and toxic. It undergoes Explosive Polymerization . The burning material releases fumes of Hydrogen Cyanide and Oxides Of Nitrogen . Acrylonitrile is classified as a possible human Carcinogen ( IARC Group 2B ).


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