| Zamoskvorechye District |
Website Links For District |
Information AboutZamoskvorechye District |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT ZAMOSKVORECHYE DISTRICT | |
| administrative divisions of moscow | |
| visitor attractions in moscow | |
|
Zamoskvorechye District ( in Moscow , Russia . Zamoskvorechye district contains the eastern half of historical Zamoskvorechye area (its western half is administered by Yakimanka District ), and the territories of Zatsepa Street and Paveletsky Rail Terminal south of the Garden Ring . The boundary between Yakimanka and Zamoskvorechye districts follows Balchug Street and Bolshaya Ordynka Street (north of Garden Ring ), Korovy Val and Mytnaya streets (south of Garden Ring). HISTORY Old Muscovy ''This section is based on P.V.Sytin's "History of Moscow Streets"''Russian: П.В.Сытин, "Из истории московских улиц", М, 1948 Territories on the right (southern) bank of Moskva River , now known as Zamoskvorechye, were first colonized in the fourteenth century. Two river crossings, west and east of the Moscow Kremlin 's walls, provide access to roads which originally continued south to Kaluga and Serpukhov , and served as main axes of settlement. Bolshaya Ordynka Street (Serpukhov road), currently the western boundary of the district, is named after ''Orda'', Golden Horde , and was initially home to the Tatar community. Regular floods and the north-south migration of Moskva river bed limited construction to a narrow, 500-700 meter wide strip of land between Ordynka and Tatarskaya streets. The development of Zamoskvorechye followed the eastward expansion of the city on the northern bank, thus eastern Zamoskvorechye is younger than the western Yakimanka District. For example, present-day Pyatnitskaya Street emerged in early fifteenth century, when the expansion of Moscow Kremlin moved the wooden Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge one block eastward. The fortified line on the site of the present-day Garden Ring was built in 1591-1592 during the reign of Feodor I . Within the fortress wall, life was organized in a patchwork Sloboda system. Soldiers, craftsmen and foreigners settled in clearly-defined communities, with some degree of personal liberty and independence from the tsar's authorities:
18th century home]] Sloboda system fell apart as a result of Petrine reforms. The century was preceded by mass executions of Streltsy (September 30, 1698); all streltsy troops were disbanded by 1720 . Craftsmen lost their businesses when the royal court relocated to Saint Petersburg in 1713 ; the territories were slowly re-settled by farmers and merchants. Wealthier class concentrated in Pyatnitskaya and Ordynka streets; Zamoskvorechye became a quiet, country-like land of single-story houses and conservative businessmen. They gradually improved the area with new churches like the 1755 Church Of The Savior On Bolvany . Administratively, Zamoskvorechye and Yakimanka were separated in 1782 , when Catherine II divided territory of Moscow into 20 police districts. house, 1750s, Raushsky Lane]] In 1783, Moscow was hit by a disastrous flood. As a consequence, the city cleared the old river bed, building a canal that separated Sadovniki from the mainland (see Vodootvodny Canal for details and maps of 1780s canal). Large areas east of Tatarskaya streets were flooded with an intention of building a river harbour and a fortified grain port on the eastern tip of the new Island . These plans did not materialize; flooded lands were reclaimed in 1820s , and were used as pastures and gardens. Sadovniki fort was built on a different site, closer to city center, as the New Kriegskomissariat (1778-1780), a Neoclassical castle housing military offices and depots. Since that time, military has continuous presence in Sadovniki East. 19th century ''This section is based on "Moscow Builders: At the Turn of Century", 2001''Russian: "Cтроители Москвы. Москва начала века", М, ООО "O-Мастер", 2001 ISBN 5-9207-0001-7 (''Builders of Moscow'') Construction of , still operates). Construction of Pererva and Kolomna dams in 1874-1877 attempted to improve shipping, however, at this time river shipping already lost competition to railroads and never picked up. In 1857, English brothers Theodore and Edward Bromley set up a mechanical plant south from the Garden Ring, producing small hand tools. Bromley business rapidly expanded, and by 1917 controlled numerous metallurgical and mechanical plants around Paveletsky railroad, having a monopoly in plumbing supplies and railroad toolingBuilders of Moscow, p.118. Another well-known business still has its headquarters on the corner of Pyatnitskaya and canal: Smirnoff distillery, established on this site in 1862Builders of Moscow, p.123. Moscow's first elecrical powerplant was built in 1886 in Tverskoy District ; the oldest extant powerplant, MOGES-1 (1896) still operates in Sadovniki. Railroad came to Zamoskvorechye in 1900 with the completion of Paveletsky Rail Terminal (then Ryazan-Ural Railroad Terminal or Saratov terminal), causing rapid industrial construction south of Garden Ring. The builders planned to extend this mainline railroad north by the canal, terminating in Boloto square across Kremlin; this did not materializeBuilders of Moscow, p.95. Modern history ] In 1922, block by Bolshoy Ustinsky Bridge was razed in 1990s, citing imminent hazards, the lot is still vacant). 1935 Master Plan of Moscow called for completing Boulevard Ring through Zamoskvorechye, which was not done. However, a thin line of Stalinist buildings, starting from Komissariatsky Bridge , indicates the path of this failed project. More stalinist buildings were built on the perimeter of Zamoskvorechye (Garden Ring and embankments). Flood hazard was eradicated with the construction of 1932-1938 Moscow Canal . River banks that used to change every season were firmly set in granite; downtown Bridges were rebuilt to 6-8 lane capacity. structure in the background (with red-black billboard)]] In 1941, residents of Zamoskvorechye formed the Twelfth Militia Division of Kirovsky District (дивизия народного ополчения Кировского района). Later renamed the 139-th Rifle Division, this unit fought at Yelnya Offensive and at Mozhaisk Defense Line . Few survived. Zamoskvorechye was dramatically altered in 1960s-1970s by inserting standardized concrete buildings in the middle of historical century area, especially in Novokuznetskaya Street. One of these . Destruction continues in 1990s-2000s, with Facadist insertion of highrise office blocks behind "restored" two-story facades. Meanwhile, permanent population decreases as the city condemns historical buildings for office redevelopment and evicts residents. An example is the large 1900s block at Sadovnicheskaya, 80, evicted in 2003, still vacant. NOTABLE BUILDINGS, CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES Museums
Churches in Zayaitskoye (1741-1759, attributed to architect
Theaters
Listed memorial buildings
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ACCESS Moscow Metro :
REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS
|
|
|