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  url http://wwwpaulgrahamcom/web20html
  title Web 20
  author Paul Graham
  month November
  year 2005
  accessdate 2006-08-02
  quote "I first heard the phrase 'Web 20' in the name of the Web 20 conference in 2004"


Some technology experts, notably Tim Berners-Lee , have questioned whether one can use the term in a meaningful way, since many of the technology components of "Web 2.0" have existed since the early days of the Web.



DEFINING WEB 2.0


As used by its supporters, the phrase "Web 2.0" can also refer to one or more of the following:

  • the transition of Website s from isolated Information Silo s to sources of content and functionality, thus becoming Computing Platform s serving Web Application s to End-user s

  • a social phenomenon embracing an approach to generating and distributing Web content itself, characterized by open communication, decentralization of authority, freedom to share and re-use, and "the market as a Conversation "

  • enhanced organization and categorization of content, emphasizing Deep Linking

  • a rise in the economic value of the Web, possibly surpassing the impact of the Dot-com Boom of the late 1990s


Earlier users of the phrase "Web 2.0" employed it as a synonym for " Semantic Web ". The combination of Social-networking systems such as FOAF and XFN with the development of Tag-based Folksonomies , delivered through Blog s and Wiki s, sets up a basis for a semantic web environment.

Tim O'Reilly regards Web 2.0 as Business embracing the web as a platform and utilising its strengths (global audiences, for example). O'Reilly considers that Eric Schmidt 's abridged slogan, ''don't fight the Internet'', encompasses the essence of Web 2.0 — building applications and Services around the unique features of the Internet , as opposed to building applications and expecting the Internet to suit as a platform (effectively "fighting the Internet").

, 2005 ) sums up the Meme s of Web 2.0, with example-sites and services attached.]]

In the opening talk of the First Web 2.0 Conference , Tim O'Reilly and John Battelle summarized what they saw as key principles of Web 2.0 applications:

  • the web as a Platform

  • data as the driving force

  • Network Effect s created by an architecture of participation

  • innovation in assembly of systems and sites composed by pulling together features from distributed, independent developers (a kind of "open source" development)

  • lightweight Business Model s enabled by content and service syndication

  • the end of the software-adoption cycle (the so-called Perpetual Beta )

  • software above the level of a single device, leveraging the power of the "Long Tail"

  • ease of picking-up by early adopters


  title Levels of the Game: The Hierarchy of Web 20 Applications
  work O'Reilly radar
  url http://radaroreillycom/archives/2006/07/levels_of_the_gamehtml
  author Tim O'Reilly
  date 2006-07-17
  accessdate 2006-08-08



Level 3 applications, the most "Web 2.0"-oriented, which could only exist on the Internet, deriving their power from the human connections and network effects that Web 2.0 makes possible, and growing in effectiveness the more people use them. O'Reilly gave as examples: eBay, craigslist, Wikipedia, del.icio.us, Skype, dodgeball and Adsense.

Level 2 applications, which can operate offline but which gain advantages from going online. O'Reilly cited Flickr , which benefits from its shared photo-database and from its community-generated tag database.

Level 1 applications, also available offline but which gain features online. O'Reilly pointed to Writely (now part of Google Docs & Spreadsheets ) and iTunes (because of its music-store portion).

Level 0 applications, which would work as well offline. O'Reilly gave the examples of MapQuest, Yahoo! Local and Google Maps. Mapping-applications using contributions from users to advantage can rank as "level 2".
Non-web applications like email, instant-messaging clients and the telephone.


CHARACTERISTICS OF "WEB 2.0"


While interested parties continue to debate the definition of a Web 2.0 application, a Web 2.0 '''website''' may exhibit some basic common characteristics. These might include:
  url http://wwworeillynetcom/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20html
  title What Is Web 20
  publisher O'Reilly Network
  author Tim O'Reilly
  date 2005-09-30
  accessdate 2006-08-06


  url http://web2wsj2com/the_state_of_web_20htm
  title The State of Web 20
  publisher Web Services Journal
  author Dion Hinchcliffe
  date 2006-04-02
  accessdate 2006-08-06


  • An architecture of participation that encourages users to add value to the application as they use it. This stands in sharp contrast to hierarchical Access-control in applications, in which systems categorize users into roles with varying degrees of functionality.

  • A rich, interactive, user-friendly interface based on Ajax or similar frameworks.

  • Some Social-networking aspects.


The impossibility of excluding group-members who don’t contribute to the provision of goods from sharing profits gives rise to the possibility that rational members will prefer to withhold their contribution of effort and Free-ride on the contribution of others.
Marwell and Ames, 1979 http://www.jstor.org/view/00029602/dm992648/99p05365/0

"Free riding is taking place at Web 2.0": http://www.trendsspotting.com/blog/?p=1

  url http://wwwflockcom/node/4500
  title Introducing Flock Beta 1
  publisher Flock official Blog
  author Bart Decrem
  date 2006-06-13


  title Amazon Web Services API
  work O'Reilly Network
  url http://wwworeillynetcom/pub/wlg/1707wlg=yes
  author Tim O'Reilly
  date 2002-06-18
  accessdate 2006-05-27


  title Bubble 20
  work The Economist
  url http://wwweconomistcom/business/displaystorycfmstory_id=E1_QQNVDDS
  date 2005-12-22
  accessdate 2006-12-20






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  url http://wwworeillynetcom/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20html
  title What Is Web 20
  publisher O'Reilly Network
  author Tim O'Reilly
  date 2005-09-30
  accessdate 2006-08-06




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