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Vickers Viscount




The Viscount was a medium-range Turboprop Airliner first flown in 1948 by Vickers-Armstrong , making it the first such aircraft to enter service in the world. It would go on to be one of the most successful of the first-generation post-war transports, with 445 being built over the life of the production line. It was particularly well liked by the passengers, as it was quiet,fast and vibration free and had much larger windows than those found on more modern airliners.


HISTORY

The original design resulted from the Brabazon Committee 's Type II design, calling for a small-sized medium-range pressurized aircraft to fly its less-travelled routes, carrying 24 passengers up to 1,750 miles (2,816 km) at 200 mile/h (322 km/h). British European Airways (BEA) was involved in the design and asked that the plane carry 32 passengers instead, but remained otherwise similar. During development, Vickers advocated the use of turboprop power, believing piston-engines to be a dead-end in aviation. The Brabazon committee was not so convinced, but agreed to split the design into two types, the Type IIA using piston power, and the Type IIB using a turboprop. Vickers, unsurprisingly, won the IIB contracts, while the IIA was built as the Airspeed Ambassador .

The resulting Vickers Type 630 design was completed at Brooklands by Chief Designer Rex Pierson and his staff in 1945 , a thirty-two seat airliner powered by four Rolls-Royce Dart engines providing a cruising speed of 275 mph (443 km/h). An order for two prototypes was placed in March 1946 , and construction started almost immediately. Originally to be named '''Viceroy''', the name was changed after the partition of India in 1947 . There was some work on replacing the Darts with the Armstrong Siddeley Mamba , but this was dropped by the time the prototypes were reaching completion.

The prototype Model 630 flew on 16 July 1948 , and the second prototype was built as a test-bed with two Rolls-Royce Tay turbojets in place of the four Darts. The first prototype was awarded a restricted Certificate of Airworthiness on 15 September 1949 , followed by a full Certificate on 27 July 1950 , and placed into service with BEA the next day to familiarize the pilots and ground crew with the new aircraft. However the design was considered too small and slow at 275 mph (443 km/h), making the per-passenger operating costs too high for regular service.

in Winnipeg , Manitoba .]]

in Winnipeg , Manitoba .]]

The design then went back to the drawing board and re-emerged as the larger Type 700 with up to forty-eight passengers (53 in some configurations), and a cruising speed of 308 mph (496 km/h). The new prototype first flew 28 August 1950 . British European Airways ordered twenty V.701s, and soon orders came in from other airlines as well. The first 700 was delivered to BEA in January 1953, and in April began the world's first turboprop-powered service.

Three years later the Viscount won all honours in the transport section of the 12,367 mile (19,903 km) air race from London to Christchurch, New Zealand . The aircraft averaged 320 mph (515 km/h) in the event, crossing the finishing line nine hours ahead of its closest rival. Vickers Vicounts served with New Zealand 's National Airways Corporation .

The Model 700D added more powerful engines, and the '''Model 724''' included a new fuel system, two-pilot cockpit, and increased weights.

The final major change to the design was the Type 800 ''Super Viscount'', stretched 3 ft 10 in (1.2 m) for up to 71 passengers. Wider, more square doors were fitted to the airframe at this time. A further change to the fuselage was planned, but later renamed as the Vanguard instead. The last Viscounts built were 6 for the Chinese State airline CAAC , which were delivered during 1964.

The type continued in BEA and British Airways service until early 1985, eventually being passed on to charter operators such as British Air Ferries (later British World ). The last British-owned Viscounts were sold to Africa where 5 are still in use (June 2007). In addition to these, 1 (a 700 series variant)has now been restored to airworthy condition for the MID WEST AIR Museum, U.S.A.


VARIANTS

  • 700 - the first production version, 1,381 hp (1,030 kW) engines, 287 built

  • --- 700D - 1,576 hp (1,175 kW) engines

  • 724 - 15 sold to Trans Canada Airlines (TCA) of Canada, included more electrical power, a new fuel system, and cold weather operation provisions.

  • 745D - 40 sold to Capital Airlines of the USA

  • 757 - 35 for Trans Canada Airlines with more powerful 1,600 hp (1,193 kW) Dart 510 engines

  • 771D - improved 770D

  • 800 - fuselage stretched 3 ft 10 in (1.2 m), 67 built

  • 810 - 1,991 hp (1,485 kW) engines, 84 built



PRESERVED AIRCRAFT



OPERATORS


Civil operators


In July 2007 a total of 5 Vickers Viscount aircraft (all variants) remain in airline service in Africa, with Air Horizon (2), Air Kasai (1), Global Airways (1) and Trans Service Airlift In addition to these, 1 has also been restored to airworthy condition in the USA.






Military operators



SPECIFICATIONS (MODEL 800)

  plane Or Copter plane
  jet Or Prop prop
  crew Two pilots + cabin crew
  capacity 75 passengers
  length Main 85 ft 8 in
  length Alt 2611 m
  span Main 93 ft 8 in
  span Alt 2856 m
  height Main 26 ft 9 in
  height Alt 815 m
  area Main 963 ft&2
  area Alt 89 m&2
  empty Weight Main 41,479 lb
  empty Weight Alt 18,815 kg
  loaded Weight Main lb
  loaded Weight Alt kg
  max Takeoff Weight Main 72,281 lb
  max Takeoff Weight Alt 32,786 kg
  engine (prop) Rolls-Royce Dart RDa7/1 Mk 525
  type Of Prop Turboprop
  number Of Props 4
  power Main 2,100 shp
  power Alt 1,566 kW
  max Speed Main 352 mph
  max Speed Alt 566 km/h
  range Main 1,735 miles
  range Alt 2,790 km
  ceiling Main 25,000 ft
  ceiling Alt 7620 m
  climb Rate Main ft/min
  climb Rate Alt m/min
  loading Main 75 lb/ft&2
  loading Alt 368 kg/m&2
  power/mass Main 012 hp/lb
  power/mass Alt 019 kW/kg


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