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Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle




The Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) or "combat drones" is the name of a new class of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). They differ from ordinary UAVs, because they are designed to deliver weapons (attack targets) – possibly with a great degree of autonomy.

Current UCAV concepts call for an aircraft which would be able to operate virtually autonomously. It will be programmed with route and target details, and conduct the mission without help from human controllers.


LAWS OF WAR

Most countries are bound to international Laws Of War (such as the Geneva Conventions ). These laws govern the conduct of participants in war (and also defines combatants). These laws place a burden upon participants to limit Collateral Damage through proper identification of targets and distinction between combatants and non-combatants. It is in this area where the use of completely autonomous weapon systems are problematic, since it is difficult to assign accountability to a person. It is for these reasons that current designs still incorporate an element of human control (a "man in the loop") – meaning that a ground controller must authorize weapons release.

Concerns also include the human controller's role, because if they are a civilian and not a member of the military (which is quite possible with developmental and highly sophisticated weapons systems) they would be considered a combatant under international law with which carries a distinct set of responsibilities and consequences. It is for this reason that the "man in the loop" should ideally be a member of the military that understand and accepts their role as combatant.


CURRENT CONCEPTS

demonstrator at the ILA 2006 .]]
the stealth "European UCAV technology demonstrator". (official CG concept by Dassault)]]



The French Air Force is also expected to start fielding the Dassault Neuron by 2010.

The Israeli Air Force plans to procure a large long-range UCAV that resembles a fighter-jet. The Israeli UCAV, named ''Eitan'', sports a wingspan of 26 meters and a takeoff weight of four tons. The state-owned Israel Aircraft Industries developed the Eitan. Eitan would be a multi-purpose UCAV with automatic takeoff and landing able to locate and destroy mobile ballistic missile launchers in reconnaissance and attack missions.


J-UCAS

See Also: Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems




The J-UCAS UCAV would use stealth technologies and carry precision-guided weapons such as the Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) or precision miniature munitions, such as the Small-Diameter Bomb to suppress enemy air defenses.

Controllers could use real-time data sources, including satellites, to plan for and respond to changes on and around the battlefield.


USAF Hunter-Killer

See Also: USAF Hunter-Killer



The program is based on the Lockheed Martin Polecat demonstrator.


Elbit Hermes 450

See Also: Elbit Hermes 450



The Israeli Air Force , which operates a squadron of Hermes 450 s out of Palmachim Airbase south of Tel Aviv , has adapted the Hermes 450 for use as an Assault UAV , reportedly equipping it with two Hellfire missiles or, according to various sources, two Rafael -made missiles. According to Israeli, Palestinian, Lebanese and independent reports, the Israeli assault UAV has seen extensive service in the Gaza Strip and was used intensively in the Second Lebanon War . Israel has not denied this capability, but to date, its policy has been not to officially confirm it either.


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