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The United States Marshals Service ('''USMS''') is a federal law enforcement agency within the United States Department Of Justice (see ) and is the oldest federal law enforcement agency in the United States .1 While the U.S. Postal Inspection Service ’s first agent—then called a “surveyor”—was appointed in 1772, they were not organized as a service/agency until 1830. ( ''Chronology: U.S. Postal Inspection Service'' ) The U.S. Marshals Service holds the broadest authority of all federal law enforcement agencies. The official spelling is the plural form "US Marshals Service", not the possessive form "US Marshals' Service." The USMS is the enforcement arm of the federal courts, protecting Federal Courts and ensuring the effective operation of the Judicial System . DUTIES flight.]] The Marshals Service is responsible for apprehending wanted fugitives, providing protection for the federal judiciary, transporting federal prisoners (see JPATS ), protecting endangered federal witnesses and managing assets seized from criminal enterprises. The Marshals Service is responsible for 55.2 percent of arrests of federal Fugitive s. In 2003, U.S. marshals captured over 34,000 federal fugitives and assisted in the capture of over 27,000 state or local fugitives. The United States Marshals Service also executes all lawful writs, processes, and orders issued under the authority of the United States, and shall command all necessary assistance to execute its duties. U.S. Marshals also have the common law based power to enlist any willing civilians as deputies. In the Old West this was known as Forming A Posse , although under the Posse Comitatus Act , they cannot use soldiers for law enforcement duties. ORGANIZATION The United States Marshals Service is based in , who is assisted by a Deputy Director. USMS Headquarters provides command, control and cooperation for the disparate elements of the service. Headquarters
Regional The U.S. court system is divided into 94 Districts , each with a U.S. Marshal, a Chief Deputy U.S. Marshal (GS-15) (or with an Assistant Chief Deputy U.S. Marshal (GS-14) in certain larger districts), Supervisory Deputy U.S. Marshals, and as many Deputy and Special Deputy U.S. Marshals as needed. In the US federal budget for 2005, funds for 3,067 deputy marshals and criminal investigators were provided. The US Marshal of a US Circuit Court is the US Marshal in whose district that court is located. The Director and each United States Marshal is appointed by the President Of The United States and subject to confirmation by the United States Senate . The District U.S. Marshal is traditionally appointed from a list of qualified Law Enforcement personnel for that district or state. Each state has at least one district, while several larger states have three or more. DEPUTY U.S. MARSHALS OPM Classification Deputy U.S. Marshals are classified General Schedule (GS) 1811 Investigator) [http://www.opm.gov/fedclass/gs0082.pdf (Deputy U.S. Marshal). Deputies receive an additional 25% LEAP pay on top of their base pay, and will progress to the grade of GS-12. Automatic progression to the grade of GS-13 is in the works, and is hopeful for career Deputy U.S. Marshals in the near future. There is no longer a dispairity between job classifications within the United States Marshal Service. As of January 2007; there are two career classifications. They are: Deputy U.S. Marshal(1811) and Detention Enforcement Officer(1802). DEO's are responsible for maintaining and securing federal prisoners while in USMS custody. They also provide courtroom and cellblock security, and house the arrestees which are the result of the numerous street arrests that Deputy U.S. Marshals conduct on a daily basis. When DUSM's arent out making street arrests, they can be found protecting government officials, seizing assests of major crime rings, relocating and providing new identities for witnesses in the federal witness protection program which is headed by the USMS. Through the John Walsh Act, the U.S. Marshals Service was chosen to head up the new federal sex offender tracking and prosecution hot team. Deputy U.S. Marshals make more street arrests than all other federal law enforcement agencies combined. Deputy U.S. Marshals undergo the most rigourous and thorough training of all the branches of law enforcment under the DOJ(Department of Justice) Special Deputy US Marshals The Director of the Marshals Service is authorized by 28 ; Federal , State or local law enforcement officers; private Security personnel to provide courtroom security for the Federal judiciary; and other persons designated by the Associate Attorney General "''. The first local law enforcement officer to be deputized was Officer William Shields of the Haverford Township Police department. Court Security Officers Court Security Officer {Link without Title} (CSO) Program. These contracted CSOs are former law enforcement officers who receive limited deputations as armed special deputy marshals and play a vital role in courthouse security. Using security screening systems, CSOs detect and intercept weapons and other prohibited items that individuals attempt to bring into federal courthouses. Detention Enforcement Officer The DEO is responsible for the care of prisoners while in USMS custody. They serve basically as Jailers and perform no federal law enforcement functions. HISTORY The offices of U.S. Marshals and Deputy Marshals were created by the first Congress in the Judiciary Act Of 1789 , the same legislation that established the federal judicial system. In a letter to Edmund Randolph , the first Attorney General Of The United States , President George Washington wrote, Impressed with a conviction that the due administration of justice is the firmest pillar of good Government, I have considered the first arrangement of the Judicial department as essential to the happiness of our Country, and to the stability of its political system; hence the selection of the fittest characters to expound the law, and dispense justice, has been an invariable object of my anxious concern. Many of the first U.S. Marshals had already proven themselves in military service during the American Revolution . Among the first marshals was John Adams ' son-in-law Congressman William Stephens Smith for the district of New York . Another New York district Marshal was Congressman Thomas Morris (New York) . Another early U.S. Marshal was Henry Dearborn for the District Of Maine . From the earliest days of the nation, Marshals were permitted to recruit Special Deputies as local hires or as temporary transfers to the Marshals Service from other federal law enforcement agencies. Marshals were also authorised to swear in a Posse to assist them in manhunts and other duties on an ''ad hoc'' basis. Marshals were given extensive authority to support the federal courts within their judicial districts, and to carry out all lawful orders issued by federal judges, Congress, or the President. The Marshals and their Deputies served Subpoena s, Summons es, Writ s, Warrants , and other process issued by the courts, made all the arrests, and handled all federal prisoners. They also disbursed funds as ordered by the courts. Marshals paid the fees and expenses of the court clerks, U.S. Attorneys , Jurors , and witnesses. They rented the courtrooms and jail space and hired the bailiffs, criers, and janitors. They made sure the prisoners were present, the jurors were available, and that the witnesses were on time. When Washington set up his first administration and the first Congress began passing laws, both quickly discovered an inconvenient gap in the Constitutional design of the government: It had no provision for a regional administrative structure stretching throughout the country. Both the Congress and the executive branch were housed at the national capital; no agency was established or designated to represent the federal government's interests at the local level. The need for a regional organization quickly became apparent. Congress and the President solved part of the problem by creating specialized agencies, such as customs and revenue collectors, to levy tariffs and taxes, yet there were numerous other jobs that needed to be done. The only officers available to do them were the Marshals and their Deputies. One of the more onerous jobs the Marshals were tasked with was the recovery of fugitive Slaves , as required by the Fugitive Slave Act Of 1850 . They were also permitted to form a Posse and to deputize any person in any community to aid in the recapture of fugitive slaves. Failure to cooperate with a Marshal resulted in a $5000 fine and imprisonment, a stiff penalty for those days. The Oberlin-Wellington Rescue was a celebrated fugitive-slave case involving U.S. marshals. James Batchelder was the second marshal killed in the line of duty. Batchelder, along with others, was preventing the rescue of fugitive slave Anthony Burns in Boston in 1854. to class]] In the 1960s the Marshals were on the front lines of the Civil Rights Movement , mainly providing protection to volunteers. In September 1962, President John F. Kennedy ordered 127 marshals to accompany James Meredith , an African American who wished to register at the segregated University Of Mississippi . Their presence on campus provoked riots at the university, requiring President Kennedy to federalize the Mississippi National Guard to pacify the crowd, but the marshals stood their ground, and Meredith successfully registered. Marshals provided continuous protection to Meredith during his first year at "Ole Miss," and Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy later proudly displayed a marshal's dented helmet in his office. U.S. Marshals also protected black schoolchildren integrating public schools in the South. Artist Norman Rockwell 's famous painting "The Problem We All Live With" depicted a tiny Ruby Bridges being escorted by four towering U.S. marshals in 1964. Just as America has changed over the past two centuries, so has its federal justice system – from the original 13 judicial districts, to 94 districts spanning the continent and beyond; and with tens of thousands of federal judges, prosecutors, jurors, witnesses, and defendants involved in the judicial process. The Marshals Service has changed with it, not in its underlying responsibility to enforce the law and execute the orders issued by the court, but in the breadth of its functions, the professionalism of its personnel, and the sophistication of the technologies employed. These changes are made apparent by an examination of the contemporary duties of the modern Marshals Service. Except for suits by incarcerated persons, non-prisoner litigants proceeding in In Forma Pauperis , or (in some circumstances) by seamen, U.S. Marshals no longer serve process in private civil actions filed in the U.S. district courts. Under the Federal Rules Of Civil Procedure , process may be served by any U.S. citizen over the age of 18 who is a not a party or an Attorney involved in the case. LINE OF DUTY DEATHS More than 200 U.S. marshals, deputy marshals, and special deputy marshals have been slain in the line of duty since Marshal Robert Forsyth was shot dead by an intended recipient of court papers in in 1791. The dead are remembered on an Honor Roll permanently displayed at Headquarters. FAMOUS MARSHALS Some famous or otherwise noteworthy U.S. Marshals include:
FICTIONAL U.S. MARSHALS
FUGITIVE PROGRAMS 15 Most Wanted External link to current U.S. Marshals 15 Most Wanted Fugitives The Marshals Service publicizes the names of wanted persons it places on the list of U.S. Marshals 15 Most Wanted Fugitives, which is similar to and sometimes overlapping the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list, depending on jurisdiction. The 15 Most Wanted Fugitive Program was established in 1983 in an effort to prioritize the investigation and apprehension of high-profile offenders who are considered to be some of the country’s most dangerous fugitives. These offenders tend to be career criminals with histories of violence or whose instant offense(s) pose a significant threat to public safety. Current and past fugitives in this program include murderers, Sex Offender s, major Drug Kingpin s, Organized Crime figures, and individuals wanted for high-profile financial crimes. Among the infamous fugitives listed on the U.S. Marshals 15 Most Wanted list has been: Clayton Waagner (listed on 2001-03-06 ) Major Cases : External link to current U.S. Marshals Service Major Case Fugitives The Major Case Fugitive Program was established in 1985 in an effort to supplement the successful 15 Most Wanted Fugitive Program. Much like the 15 Most Wanted Fugitive Program, the Major Case Fugitive Program prioritizes the investigation and apprehension of high-profile offenders who are considered to be some of the country’s most dangerous individuals. All escapes from custody are automatically elevated to Major Case status. SEE ALSO
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