Information AboutUmlaut (diacritic) |
: This may be contrasted with the more common notation for a derivative using a Prime : : : In Physics , a dot typically represents a (partial) time derivative while a prime represents a spatial derivative . COMPUTER USAGE Most character encodings treat the umlaut and the diaeresis as the same diacritic mark. Keyboard input ß can also be seen.]] It is preferable that umlauts and tremas be available on the keyboard for writing languages that use them. It is rather difficult to use any special key sequences, especially if the character is not considered a modification but an independent grapheme. In practice, the computer must be configured to use an appropriate keyboard layout. Using Microsoft Word , the double dot is produced by pressing Ctrl+Shift+:, then the letter. On a computer running Mac OS double dots can be entered be pressing Option+U, followed by the vowel to have a double dot above it. X-based Systems with the Compose Key can usually enter characters with double dots by typing Compose, " followed by the letter. Microsoft Windows allows users to set their US layout keyboard language to Dutch which allows for something similar, by turning keys (rather characters) into Dead Key s. If the user enters ", nothing will appear on screen, until the user types another character, after which the characters will be merged if possible, or added independently at once if not. On several operating systems, double dotted characters can be written even without the current keyboard layout having umlauts or tremas by entering Alt Codes . On Microsoft Windows Keyboard Layout s that do not have double dotted characters, one can especially use Windows Alt Keycodes . Double dots are then entered by pressing the left Alt key, and entering the full decimal value of the character's position in the Windows Code Page on the numeric keypad, provided that the compatible code page is used as a system code page. You can also use numbers from Code Page 850 ; these lack a leading 0. Character encodings The ISO 8859-1 character encoding includes the letters ''ä'', ''ë'', ''ï'', ''ö'', ''ü'', and their respective Capital forms, as well as ''ÿ'' in Lower Case only, with ''Ÿ'' added in the revised edition ISO 8859-15 . Unicode provides the double dot as a Combining Character U+0308. Mainly for compatibility with older character encodings, dozens of codepoints with letters with double dots are available. Both the combining character U+0308 and the precombined codepoints can be used as umlaut and as diaeresis. Sometimes, there's a need to distinguish between the umlaut sign and the diaeresis sign. In these cases, the following recommendation by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 should be followed:
HTML In HTML , vowels with double dots can be entered with an entity reference of the form &?uml;, where ? can be any of a, e, i, o, u, y or their Majuscule counterparts. With the exception of the uppercase ''Ÿ'', these characters are also available in all of the ISO 8859 character sets and thus have the same codepoints in ISO-8859-1 ( -2 , -3 , -4 , -9 , -10 , -13 , -14 , -15 , -16 ) and Unicode . The uppercase ''Ÿ'' is available in ISO 8859-15 and Unicode, and Unicode provides a number of other letters with double dots as well.Note: when replacing Umlaut characters with plain ASCII , use ''ae, oe,'' etc. for German language, and the simple character replacements for all other languages. TeX TeX also allows double dots to be placed over letters in math mode, using "\ddot{}", or outside of math mode, with the \" control sequence: : However this will give the trema-style dots that are too far above the letter's body for good typographical umlauts. TeX's "German" package should be used if possible: it adds the " control sequence (without backslash) which gives nice umlauts. SEE ALSO
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