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is one of few Norwegian municipal flags that is not a banner of arms of the municipal coat of arms.]] is a city and municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag , Norway. The city of Trondheim was established as a municipality January 1, 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt ). The rural municipalities of Byneset , Leinstrand , Strinda and Tiller were merged with Trondheim January 1, 1964. The city of Trondheim was founded in 997 . Trondheim is today a centre of education, technical and medical research, with around 25,000 students, and is the country's third-largest city, with 162,000 inhabitants in the city proper (January 2007). The Trondheim Region has 246,751 inhabitants. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE Trondheim is situated where the river 1901 , and the coldest is -26.1°C in February 1899 ( ). The municipality's top elevation is the Storheia hill, 565 metres (≈1850 ft) above sea level. at port in Trondheim. Munkholmen and the Stern part of Hurtigruten to the right. The body of water closest is Nidelva .]] INSTITUTIONS The '', the oldest active newspaper in Norway (established 1767 ) which also owns the regional television channel TVAdressa and the radio channel RadioAdressa. HISTORY For the ecclesiastical history, see Archiepiscopate Of Nidaros , seen downstream from the Old Town Bridge. Some storehouses shown to the left had Crane s, for hoisting goods from boats below.]] People have been living in this region of the country for thousands of years (see Rock Carvings In Central Norway , Nøstvet And Lihult Cultures and Corded Ware Culture ). In ancient times the Kings of Norway were hailed at Øretinget in Trondheim, the place for the assembly of all free men by the mouth of the river Nidelva . Harald Fairhair (865 - 933) was hailed as the king here, as was his son, Haakon I - called 'the Good'. Trondheim was named ''Kaupangen'' (''the market place or trading place'') by Viking King Olav Tryggvason in 997 AD . Fairly soon, it came to be called '' Nidaros ''. In the beginning it was frequently used as the seat of the King, and therefore, for a time, the Capital of Norway (until 1217). , is located at the seaside, close to the old Customs Building, the cruise ship facilities and the new swimming Hall. The statue is a replica, the original being located at a Seattle marina. , Trondheim.]] Trondheim is located at the mouth of the river Nidelva , due to its excellent harbour and sheltered condition. The river used to be deep enough for most boats in the Middle Ages. An avalanche of mud and stones made it less navigable and partly ruined the harbour in the mid-17th century. The major battle of ''Kalvskinnet'' took place here in and his ''Birkebeiner'' warriors were victorious against Erling Skakke (a rival to the throne). Trondheim was the seat of the (Catholic) Archbishopric for Norway from 1152. Due to the introduction of Lutheran Protestantism in 1537 , the last Archbishop Olav Engelbrektsson had to flee from the city to the Netherlands , where he died in present-day Lier, Belgium . The city has experienced several major fires. Since it was a city of log buildings, out of wood, most fires caused severe damage. Great fires ravaged the city in 1598, 1651, 1681, 1708, 1717 (two fires that year), 1742, 1788, 1841 and 1842. It must be noted that these were only the worst cases. The 1651 fire destroyed 90% of all buildings within the city limits. The fire in 1681 (the "Horneman Fire") led to an almost total reconstruction of the city, overseen by General Johan Caspar Von Cicignon (originally from Luxembourg ). Broad avenues like ''Munkegaten'' were made, with no regard for property rights, in order to stop the next fire. This gave the sleepy provincial town of roughly 8000 inhabitants a certain flair. After the Treaty Of Roskilde 26 February 1658 , Trondheim (together with the rest of Trøndelag ) became Swedish territory for a brief period; the area was reconquered after 10 months; the conflict was finally settled by the Treaty Of Copenhagen , 27 May 1660 . During World War II, Trondheim was occupied by German forces from April, 1940 (on the first day of the invasion of Norway, '' Operation Weserübung '') until the war's end in Europe, 8 May 1945 . The city's names Originally given the name Kaupangen ("Marketplace") by Olav Tryggvason, Trondheim was for a long time called '''Nidaros''' ("Mouth of the river Nid"), or in the Old Norse spelling '''Niðaróss'''. In the late Middle Ages the Name Was Changed to '''Trondheim''' (Old Norse spelling '''Þróndheimr'''). In the Dano-Norwegian period, during the years as a provincial town in the united kingdoms of Denmark-Norway , the city name was spelled '''Trondhjem'''. The words ''heimr'', ''heim'' and ''hjem'' all mean home, the word Trond is a tribal name, i.e. ''Home of the Trønders''. Following the example set by the s, forced the Storting to settle for the medieval city name Trondheim. The name of the diocese was, however, changed from ''Trondhjem stift'' to ''Nidaros bispedømme'' ' Diocese Of Nidaros ' already in 1918 - and this still remains. Trondheimen historically indicates the area around the (Trøndersk) as "Tronn-yam", where "tronn" rhymes with "gone". The traditional German version of the city's name was ''Drontheim''. During the Nazi German occupation, 1940–45, the Germans made it into a major base for submarines ( DORA 1 ) and also contemplated a scheme to build a new city of 300,000 inhabitants, ''Neu-Drontheim'' (New Trondheim), centered 15 km (10 mi) southeast of Trondheim, near the wetlands of Øysand in the outskirts of Melhus municipality. The new city — northern capital of a Germanized Scandinavia — was meant to be the future German main naval base of the North Atlantic region, and would be the largest of all German naval bases. Today, there are few physical remains of this giant construction project. Hitlers drøm om Trondheim POLITICAL STRUCTURE City council elections 2003
City boroughs On January 1 , 2005 , the city was reorganized from 5 boroughs into 4, with each of these having separate social services offices. Population statistics are as of January 1 , 2005 . Until 2005, these were the boroughs (after the municipality mergers in the 1960s): is part of Østbyen]]
MAIN SIGHTS Nidaros Cathedral Nidaros Cathedral and Archbishop's Palace are located side by side, in the middle of historic Trondheim. The large cathedral, built from 1070 on, is the most important Gothic monument in Norway and was Northern Europe's most important Christian Pilgrimage site during the Middle Ages,1 with pilgrimage routes from Oslo in southern Norway and from the Jämtland and Värmland regions of neighbouring Sweden . |
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