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Transportation planning historically has followed the Rational Planning model of Defining Goals and Objectives, Identifying Problems, Generating Alternatives, Evaluating Alternatives, and Developing the Plan. Other models for planning include Rational Actor , Satisficing , Incremental Planning , Organizational Process , and Political Bargaining . However, planners are increasingly expected to adopt a multi-disciplinary approach, especially due to the rising importance of Environmentalism . For example, the use of Behavioral Psychology to persuade drivers to abandon their Automobile s and use Public Transport instead. The role of the transport planner is shifting from technical analysis to promoting Sustainability through integrated transport Policies .Southern, A. (2006), Modern-day transport planners need to be both technically proficient and politically astute, ''Local Transport Today'', no. 448, 27 July 2006 . United Kingdom In the United Kingdom transport planning has traditionally been a branch of Civil Engineering . In the 1950s and 1960s it was generally believed that the Motor Car was the future of transport with public transport playing only a marginal role. The role of the transport planner was to "predict and provide" - to predict future transport demand and provide the network for it, which usually involved building more Road s. The publication of Planning Policy Guidance 13 in , concerns about the effect of road traffic on the environment (both Natural and Built ) and concerns that an emphasis on road transport discriminates against vulnerable groups in society such as the Poor , the Elderly and the Disabled . These documents signalled a new approach based on Integration :
This attempt to reverse decades of underinvestment in the transport system has resulted in a severe shortage of transport planners. It was estimated in 2003 that 2,000 new planners would be required by 2010 to avoid jeopardising the success of the Transport Ten Year Plan {Link without Title} . During 2006 the Transport Planning Society defined the key purpose of transport planning as ::''to plan, design, deliver, manage and review transport, balancing the needs of society, the economy and the environment.''Transport Planning Society (2006), Draft National Occupational Standards for Transport Planning The following key roles must be performed by transport planners:
United States Transportation planning in the United States is in the midst of a shift similar to that taking place in the United Kingdom, away from the singular goal of moving vehicular traffic and towards an approach that takes into consideration the communities and lands which streets, roads, and highways pass through ("the context"). This new approach, known as Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS), seeks to balance the need to move vehicles efficiently and safely with other desirable outcomes, including Historic Preservation , environmental Sustainability , and the creation of vital Public Space s. The initial guiding principles of CSS came out of the 1998 "Thinking Beyond the Pavement" conferenceState of Maryland (1998), Summary of Thinking Beyond the Pavement conference as a means to describe and foster transportation projects that preserve and enhance the natural and built environments, as well as the economic and social assets of the neighborhoods they pass through. CSS principles have since been adopted as guidelines for highway design in federal legislation.U.S. Senate (2005), Senate Report 109-053 - Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act OF 2005 And in 2003, the , to be launched in 2007. SEE ALSO NOTES EXTERNAL LINKS
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