Information AboutToyota Celica |
The Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of popular Pony Car s made by the Japan ese company Toyota . The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word ''coelica'' (IPA ) meaning "heavenly" or "celestial". Through all generations, Celicas have been built around Toyota's high-performance Inline-4 Engine s, although some Celicas are powered by more economical, lower performance 4-cylinders. The most significant change occurred in 1986, when the car's drive layout was changed from Rear Wheel Drive to Front Wheel Drive . During the first three generations, American market Celicas were powered by various versions of Toyota's R Series engines. A Four Wheel Drive Turbocharged model (designated All-trac in the US or GT-Four in Japan and Europe) was produced from 1986 to 1999. Variable Valve Timing came in late 1997 Japanese models, and became standard in all models from 2000 on. Through seven generations, the model has gone through many revisions and design forks, including the Toyota Celica Supra (later known as the Toyota Supra). The Celica was available as Notchback and Liftback coupes, as well as a Convertible . FIRST GENERATION / A20/35 SERIES (1970-1977)
The first generation Celica was released to the market in 1970, and targeted to be a more affordable alternative to Toyota's Supercar , the 2000GT . Displayed at the 1970 Tokyo Motor Show in October, and marketed in December of the same year, the Celica was a personal car that emphasized styling and driving enjoyment. Japanese models were ET, LT, ST, GT, and GTV. For export markets, the Celica was offered in three different versions, the LT, '''ST''' and '''GT'''. The lower-end LT was equipped with a Carbureted 2T four-cylinder engine displacing 1600 cc, while the ST came with a twin Solex-carburetor 2T-B engine. The 2T-G that powered the high-end GT model was a DOHC twin-Solex carburetor 1600 cc engine. All early Celica Coupes were pillarless Hardtop s. The GT model came with various upgrades like underbody spoilers, tinted windows, different hood flutes, power windows, air conditioning, GT front grill, and shared a few things with the ST - a full-length center console and oil pressure/ammeter gauges, rather than the LT's warning lights. There was also the GTV version, which had the 2T-G engine, a slightly cut-down interior, and did not come standard with things like power windows, but they were optional. The GTV has firmer suspension. The first generation Celicas can be further broken down into two distinctive models. The first of these was the original with slant nose (trapezoid-like shape front corner light). This is for Coupe model only, TA22, RA20, and RA21. These models were released from 1970 to 1975 and came equipped with the 2T, 2T-G 1.6 liter, or 18R 2.0 liter motor. The second series with flat nose (square front corner light) and slightly longer wheelbase. This facelift model appeared in Japan in 1974, but for export is 1976 model year. The first Celica for North America, 1971 ST was powered by 1.9 liter 8R Engine . The 1972-1974 models have 2.0 liter 18R engines. For 1975-1977, the engine for the North American Celica is the 2.2 liter 20R. The Celica GT and LT models were introduced in the U.S. for the 1974 model year. The top-line GT included a 5-speed Manual Transmission , rocker panel GT stripes, and styled steel wheels with chrome trim rings. The LT was marketed as an economy model. Mid-1974 saw minor changes in the Celica's trim and badges. The Liftback was introduced for Japanese market in April 1973, but not until 1976 for export models. Models for home market Liftback were 1600ST, 1600GT (TA27), 2000ST, and 2000GT (RA25 and RA28). The American Liftback is a GT (RA29) with a 2.2 liter 20R engine. All the Liftback models, which are commonly referred to as the 'Mustang' shape, have flat noses. Although there is no "B" pillar in the Liftback, the rear windows do not roll down (as they do in the hardtop coupe). Although they looked the same there were a few minor visible differences. The facelifted coupe is coded RA23 with an 18R engine, or RA24 with a 20R engine. Also Available TA23 which was the same as the RA23 but with T Series Engine The RA23 and RA28 have a more distinctive bulge in the bonnet which the TA22 and RA20 Coupe, and the TA27 and RA25 Liftback Celica lack. The TA22 Celica also had removable vents mounted in the bonnet, which the RA23 and RA28 lacked. The RA series also had an elongated nose to accommodate the larger engine. The door vents, fuel filler cap and interior were also different between the TA and RA series. For 1976-1977 the Liftback was released with 18R-GU Twincam engine with a Yamaha head and running gear. This engine produced significantly more power then the 18R-G. Peak power was about 100 kW @ 7400rpm at the rear wheels. In Australia, the Celica was first released in the 1.6 L 2T motor. The later 1975-1977 Celica was released with the 2.0 L 18R motor. The very first entry for Celica in the World Rally Championship was in the 1972 RAC Rally when Ove Andersson drove a TA22 1600GTV into the ninth place. Often called a "Japanese Mustang" because of the styling similarities to the Ford Mustang Pony Car including the triple bar tail lights that are a signature Mustang styling cue. SECOND GENERATION / A40 SERIES (1978-1981)
The second generation Celica was released in 1978 (production began in late 1977), and was again available in both Coupe and Liftback forms. The Coupe was no longer a true hardtop; both Coupe and Liftback had frameless door glass but featured a thick "B" pillar. From 1979 to 1981 the Griffith company in the USA offered a Targa style convertible conversion to the Coupe. They were called the SunChaser and had a removable Targa top and a folding rear roof, much like the '67 Porsche 911 soft-window Targa. These were Toyota approved and sold through Toyota dealers. Over 2000 were produced. In 1978 Toyota began production of the Mark I Toyota Supra in Japan , as the Toyota Celica XX . The year it debuted in the United States and Japan was in 1979. The USA Mark I (chassis code MA46) was originally equipped with a 110 hp (82 kW) 2.6 L (2563 cc) 12-valve SOHC inline-6 engine ( 4M-E ). Simultaneously in 1979, the Japanese Mark I (chassis code MA45) was offered with a 110 hp (82 kW) 2.0 L 12-valve SOHC inline-6 engine ( M-EU ). Both were the first Toyota engines equipped with Electronic Fuel Injection .1 The second generation Celica can also be broken down into two series of release (known as Series A and Series B). These two Celica’s were only distinguishable by appearance - both having the same engine capacity. Series A Celica's (1977-1979) were released with round headlights and chrome bumpers for lower grades. The higher grades such as GT and all US models have black rubber bumpers. The Series B Celica (1980-1981) was released with square headlights and black rubber bumpers and various other 'minor' differences. Power for North American models was provided by a 2.2 L 20R engine for both ST and GT models. Japan and other markets had 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 liter powerplants. This new generation offered more safety, power and fuel economy than previous models, and was awarded Motor Trend's "Import Car of the Year" for 1978. Japanese models were ET, LT, ST, SE, XT, GT, and GTV. The GT and GTV have an 18R-G Twincam engine. In late 1978, the GTV was replaced by GT Rally. In 1980, a four-door version was announced, known as the Toyota Celica Camry. This model was a Toyota Carina with a Celica front end. The Camry was spun off as its own model two years later. The limited edition "US Grand Prix" GT Liftback was offered in 1980. For 1981 , the North American models were given a bigger engine 2.4 liter 22R. To celebrate the Celica 10th Anniversary, the GTA Coupe was released. This was basically a GT Coupe with 3 speed automatic transmission, special color, upgraded sound system and alloys. There were about 70 different models of 2nd generation Celica ever sold in Japan, although at one time there were 49. THIRD GENERATION / A60 SERIES (1982-1985)
1982 saw the introduction of the third generation Celica. The car was available in coupe, liftback and convertible forms, with many buyers biased toward the liftback. Styling was changed considerably from previous models and power was provided by a 2.4 L 22-R or 22R-E engine in all North American models, while carbureted 2.0 L I4 engine (namely a 2S-G ) was also used. Other engines for Japanese models were 1.6 liter 2T, 1.8 liter 3T and 1S, and 2.0 liter 18R-G. Trim levels are SV, ST, ST-EFI, SX, GT, and GT Rally. In September 1982, the first Celica turbo was launched in Japan. The GT-T had a 1.8 liter 3T-GTE engine. To meet the FISA regulation for Group B Rally Car to compete in the World Rally Championship (WRC), 200 units Celica '''GT-TS''' were built. These were the basic car for Group B Celica Twincam Turbo (TA64) which built and rallied by Toyota Team Europe (TTE). In 1983, Toyota added the GT-S model to the Celica line to re-inject the sports image that Celica had lost as it grew larger and heavier with each subsequent model. The GT-S included larger wheels and tires, fender flares, independent rear suspension, a sports interior including special seats, and a leather-wrapped steering wheel and shifter knob. There were also optional rear louvers for the coupe and liftback. The upgraded GT-S wheels are coveted as replacements by many people who own ''first'' generation Celicas as they remained four-lug and looked sportier than first generation rims while still providing the "classic Celica" look and feel. Minor changes were given in late 1983 for the 1984 model year and distinguished by the redesigned front end, with fully-closed retractable headlights. Side vents, Hood, grille, tail lights, and bumpers were also new. The GT-R and GT-TR (turbo) were added to the Japanese lineup. Fuel injection became standard on all North American Celicas, therefore the 22R engine became 22R-E. The GT-S Convertible, built by American Specialty Cars (ASC) in California, was released in 1984. In Australia, Toyota decided to use the 21R-C in the dulled down model Celica and the more powerful 22R-E in the sports model and Japanese 3T, as a result the car only turned out a mere 67 kW (89 hp). Australia, European and Japanese model celicas came with rear side vents commonly referred to as (JDM Rear Quarter Vents) These are very popular with the American Celica and Supra enthusiasts but very few people have them, they can fetch anywhere from $50 to $80us for a good pair. In Europe, the Celica was offered as 1600ST with 2T engine, 2000XT (21R), and 2000GT (18R-G). In Japan, the Celica was offered many engines from the 2T, 3T, and 4A engine family. FOURTH GENERATION / T160 SERIES (1986-1989)
Chassis code: 1.6 ST & 1.6 GT: AT160 2.0 ST: ST161 2.0 SX, GT & GT-S: ST162 1.8 ST-EFI & 1.8 SX: ST163 All-Trac/GT-Four: ST165 For 1986, the Celica was changed completely. It was an all-new vehicle with front wheel drive, a rounded, flowing body and new 2.0 L four-cylinder engines. In North America, the Celica was now available in ST, GT and GT-S trim as either coupe or liftback models, with the GT being offered as a soft-top convertible as well. ST and GT came with a SOHC 8 valve, 2.0 L, 97 hp 2S-E engine from the Camry, but quickly changed to an all new DOHC 116 hp engine (3S-FE) for the 1987 model year, also shared with the Camry. The GT-S was given a 135 hp version of the DOHC 2.0 L engine ( 3S-GE ) featuring T-VIS . For the Japanese market Toyota introduced the "ultimate Celica", the GT-Four (ST165) in October 1986. With full-time All Wheel Drive , including an electronically controlled central locking differential, and a Turbocharged version of the GT-S 2.0 L engine producing 190 hp ( 3S-GTE ), it immediately took its place as the flagship of the Celica range, and became the official Toyota rally car for all years of production. The GT-Four, with a revised viscous coupling central locking differential, began exporting for the 1988 model year and marketed in North America as the ''' All-trac Turbo'''. The All-trac system also was offered for a limited time on the Camry , Previa , and Tercel in North America. In 1988, the ST163 with 4S-Fi engine was added into the Japanese line up in ST and SX trim levels. The 3S-FE powered 2.0 Z-R was positioned between SX and GT-R. However, in Australia the 2.0 '''SX''' with 3S-GE engine was the top of the line. The ST165 GT-Four made its World Rally debut in the 1988 Tour de Corse and finished 6th. The first victory came in 1988 Cyprus (non-WRC), and the first WRC victory in 1989 Rally Australia. In some European countries these models were available instead;
FIFTH GENERATION / T180 SERIES (1990-1993)
The fifth generation Celica was introduced in September 1989 for the 1990 model year. The Celica received revised styling, upgraded wheels and tires, and a more powerful limited slip center differential and Torsen rear differential. The North American Celica had fixed door mirrors and amber front corner lights. All other models had folding mirrors and clear corner lights. The base model ST has 1.6 L 4A-FE, the GT and GT-S were powered by the 2.2 L 5S-FE. The GT-S and all export market GT-Four are wide-body Liftbacks with flared fenders. The JDM GT-Four was also offered as normal body. Trim levels for Europe are 1.6 ST-i, 2.0 GT-i 16, and GT-Four. The 2.0 GT-i 16 Cabriolet was offered only in certain European countries. For 1992, the wide body 2.0 GT-i 16 was offered in the Netherlands and Belgium. This is basically a GT-S with 3S-GE engine. Models for Australia are SX Coupe, SX Liftback, GT-Four, and also 150 units limited edition GT-Four Group A Rallye. In August 1990, the wide body GT-Four A and '''Convertible''' were added into the Japanese lineup. '''Super Live Sound System''' with 10 speakers became standard on the GT-Four A and optional in other models except the S-R. The 20th Anniversary GT-R came in December 1990 to celebrate 20 years of Celica production. The Celica Convertible was built by American Sunroof Corporation (ASC) in California . It was offered as GT in USA with 5S-FE engine, or as Type G in Japan, and 2.0 GT-i 16 Cabriolet in Europe with 3S-GE engine. The JDM Convertible also has 4WS. The European Celica Cabriolet retained the old style front bumper for 1992, and received the facelift in 1993. There are three different gearboxes for ST185 GT-Four. The E150F with 4.285 final gear ratio was installed in the JDM and All-trac. European and Australian specs come with E151F with 3.933 ratio. The JDM only GT-Four Rally has E152F with close ratio on the 1st through 4th gear and 4.285 final ratio. All the RC/Carlos Sainz/Group A have E151F. Anti-lock Brakes (ABS) were available on the GT-S all four years and was available on the GT from 1992 to 1993. ABS, Leather interior, sunroof, and System 10 Premium Sound System are optional on the GT-S and '90–'92 All-trac, and standard on '93 All-trac. With its sport-style interior, power-operated driver's seat, auto tilt-away steering wheel, and cruise control as standard equipment, the All-Trac (known as the GT-Four outside of the US) was the most expensive Celica yet. With a 2.0 L Turbocharged 3S-GTE producing 149 kW (200 bhp), it was also one of the most powerful Celicas made thus far. The special Rally edition of 5000 units was known as the GT-Four RC in Japan, Carlos Sainz (CS) in Europe (in honour of their famous WRC driver), or '''Group A Rallye''' in Australia . Special features include:
Out of 5,000 units, 1,800 were for Japanese market, 3,000 were allocated to Europe, 150 in Australia, 25 in Singapore, and very few made a trip to New Zealand and general markets. In August 1991 for 1992 model year Toyota facelifted the Celica. Changes included:
Optional for the JDM cars are Cruise Control Package, SD Package and Luxury Package. SIXTH GENERATION / T200 SERIES (1994-1999)
For 1994, Toyota completely revamped the Celica line. It was only available in ST and GT trims in the US for the 1994 model year, but the addition of the optional "Sports Package" to the GT produced GT-S-like handling. The ST had a new 1.8 liter 7A-FE engine, while the GT was powered by the carried-over 2.2 liter 5S-FE, which could also be found in the Corolla and Camry, respectively. In Canada, the GT Liftback with "sports package" is badged GT-S. Styling of the new Celicas was acclaimed by most publications as "Supra-esque" with four exposed headlights. Celicas were available in either notchback (coupe) or liftback form, with the GT sports package available only on the liftback. New safety equipment in the form of driver (and then later passenger-side) airbags was standard, and anti-lock brakes were available on all models. Many Celicas also sported CFC-free air conditioning. Initially the Japanese domestic market (JDM) models were SS-I and '''SS-II'''. The ST205 GT-Four was launched in February 1994, and the Convertible in the Autumn of the same year. Production of the All-Trac, or GT-Four ST205 as it was known outside the US, continued for the Japanese, Australian, European, and British markets. This version was to be the most powerful Celica produced to date, producing between 240-250 hp from an updated 3S-GTE engine. Influenced strongly by Toyota Team Europe, Toyota's factory team in the World Rally Championship, the final version of the GT-Four included improvements such as an all aluminum hood to save weight, four-channel ABS, an improved CT20B turbocharger, and Super Strut Suspension. The 2500 homologation cars built to allow Toyota to enter the GT-Four as a Group A car in the World Rally Championship also sported extras such as all of the plumbing required to activate an anti-lag system, a water spray bar for the front Intercooler and an extender spoiler mounted on risers. The car proved to be quite competitive in the 1995 World Championship. However, the team was banned from competition for a year after the car's single victory due to turbocharger fixing - a device that meant there was no air path restriction on the intake - when the jubilee clip was undone this would flick back in to place so as to go un-noticed by inspectors (or at least that was the plan!) Toyota have always claimed that they knew nothing of the fix - but opponents say it was one very cleverly engineered device! In some respects this car is a true sports car; in order to qualify for rallying it has a lot of special features and a unique strut arrangement (interestingly - so strange they replaced it with normal mcpheresons for rallies). In Australia , the ST204 (2.2 liter) was offered in SX and ZR trim levels. The ZR has standard fog lights, alloys, and other features. The ST205 is the final GT-Four Celica which was only available in Australia in 1994. There was a limited delivery of only 77 ST205's with each vehicle including an individual numbered plaque in the cabin and Group A Rallye badges on the hatch. 1995 saw the introduction of the third generation convertible. Built off of the GT coupe, the conversion took place in the ASC facility in Rancho Dominguez, California . The vehicle arrived in the US as a partially assembled vehicle. At ASC, the roof was removed and a three-layer insulated and power-operated top was installed, producing a vehicle that was virtually water and windproof. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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